Passage grave of Listrup

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The passage grave of Listrup , about four kilometers northeast of Nykøbing on the Danish island of Falster, is a megalithic complex of the Funnel Beaker Culture (TBK), which dates back to between 3500 and 2800 BC. BC originated. The passage grave ( Danish: Jættestue ) is a form of Neolithic megalithic systems, which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands. Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of Neolithic societies. Their origin and function are considered to be the hallmarks of social development.

Scheme of passage grave (cross-section) 1 = support stone, 2 = cap stone, 3 = mound, 4 = seal, 5 = wedge stones, 6 = access, 7 = threshold stone. 8 = floor slabs, 9 = sub-floor depots, 10 = intermediate masonry 11 = curb stones

The facility in the center of the island is next to the double passage grave Drysagerdys (13.2 + 11.8 m) and the Græse (12.5 m) and Birkehøj (11 m) both on Zealand, Kong Svends Høj (12.3 m) m) on Lolland , Jordehøj and Kong Asger Høj on Møn and Mårhøj on Funen (10 m each) Denmark's largest passage grave . However, it is not possible to determine the exact length of the 13.0 m length of the complex that was excavated and restored by Frederik Læssøe (1811–1850) before 1845. In Sweden there are longer chambers only in Falbygden (e.g. Ragnvald's grave with 16.0 meters). In Germany ( De hoogen Steener with 28.0 m) and in the Netherlands (e.g. D27 in Borger with 22.5 m and Havelte 1 with 18.0 m) the so-called Emsland chambers are sometimes much longer.

description

The chamber had 10 bearing stones on the north, nine on the south and two on the east, while the western end is severely disturbed . Since there are no end stones there, the slightly trapezoidal chamber could have been a little longer. The excavator found five capstones in the chamber (one broken), which is probably half of the previous ones. The approximately east-west oriented chamber varies in width between 1.8 m in the east and 2.15 m in the west. The bearing stones are between 1.1 and 1.45 m high. The gap between the bearing and cap stones was filled with intermediate masonry, a large part of which was removed. Five pairs of bearing stones, the three rear cap stones and the stones of a locking device with the threshold stone were preserved from the 5.75 m long access , which faces south . The corridor is up to 1.5 m wide and around 1.0 m high and is therefore typical for the facilities in the region.

Frederik Læssøe (1811–1850) discovered around 30 skeletons, amber beads , flint axes and broken glass. The reuse of the plant by the discovery of four daggers from the final stage is the Stone Age. In 1940, K. Thorvildsen dug again in the chamber and found 10 axes, two late Neolithic arrowheads, a dagger, as well as chips and fragments of amber beads and other shards. He also found bones from at least two skeletons. Most of the discoveries were made in the infill layer at the east and west ends. To support the capstones that threatened to fall into the burial chamber, railroad tracks were installed as piles. Another extensive restoration took place in 1987. In place of the rails, weather-resistant stainless steel beams were used.

See also

literature

  • Ingrid Falktoft Anderson: Vejviser til Danmarks oldtid . 1994, ISBN 87-89531-10-8 , p. 325
  • Karsten Kjer Michaelsen: Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid (= Politikens håndbøger. ). Politiken, Copenhagen 2002, ISBN 87-567-6458-8 p. 216

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johannes Müller : Neolithic Monuments and Neolithic Societies. In: Hans-Jürgen Beier , Erich Claßen, Thomas Doppler, Britta Ramminger (eds.): Varia neolithica VI. Neolithic Monuments and Neolithic Societies. Contributions from the meeting of the Neolithic Working Group during the annual meeting of the North-West German Association for Ancient Research in Schleswig, 9. – 10. October 2007 (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 56). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-941171-28-2 , pp. 7-16, here p. 15.
  2. ↑ Frederik Læssøe lost his life in the Battle of Idsted Hede in 1850 during the three-year war in Schleswig-Holstein . In 1845 he excavated the passage grave of Listrup.

Web links

Coordinates: 54 ° 48 ′ 34 "  N , 11 ° 57 ′ 39"  E