Dagger time

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Hindsgavl dagger
Danish cultural sequence

Dagger Age ( Danish Dolktid or Senneolithic ) was in southern Scandinavia , primarily in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein , the end Neolithic period from 2350 to 1700 BC. Called BC, which regionally until 1600 BC. Lasted. In the past it was also called Steinkisteit ( Danish Hellekisteid ) because the stone box was the predominant special grave form. Both terms are now out of date.

The main cultures in West Jutland are still the corded ceramic culture , on the islands the dimple ceramic culture . The predominant finds are flint daggers , which take the place of the previously dominant ax .

A 15-part dagger depot was found in Vesterkjærnet near the Limfjord in North Jutland. The open landscape was characteristic of the Cimbrian Peninsula at that time . The rural culture had redesigned the forest zone in two millennia, many forests had fallen victim to extensive agriculture or were greatly reduced. The scattered settlements became larger and more numerous again during the dagger era, which indicates an increase in population. In this phase, real trade relations with Central Europe can be established for the first time, creating the conditions for the Nordic Bronze Age . Metals will remain rare in the north for a long time.

The number of bronze objects increases in the dagger era. The Aunjetitz culture in particular can be identified as the region of origin . The social structure of the Nordic End Neolithic favored this development. In the final phase, a new ruling structure is evidently formed with a more tangible social leadership class. The endeavors of this group to equip themselves with prestige goods established the now more extensive metal imports.

Buildings of the time can only be proven in the form of a few living spaces. The buildings, with a row of central posts, appear to have been 5.0 to 7.0 m wide and have lengths of up to 45 m. In some there is evidence of division, but there is no evidence that the cattle were kept in an integrated barn area. Such houses are located at Øster Nibstrup in Vendsyssel , in Hemmed Plantage in Djursland , in Nymarksgård near on Møn , in Limensgård on Bornholm and in Fosie near Malmö .

Hunting and probably also fishing played a role in the diet. A remains of a house has been excavated in Gug, south of Aalborg , Denmark . A slightly recessed floor measuring approximately 2.0 × 4.0 m and the surrounding post holes have been preserved. Stripes of earth could have been sod from the roof or the walls. Two round fireplaces and a stone, which is interpreted as the seat of a craft because of the flint flakes, are proven in the building. Clay pots were rare grave goods , the few finds are thick-walled and undecorated. This includes a slightly bulbous cup and a straight-walled mug with a retracted foot.

Burials took place by raising older barrows for a new grave, which was then covered with layers of stone. Later these stone packing graves were also created independently of earlier graves. Some of the dead were buried in tree coffins . Grave goods were out of the daggers and the sparse pottery , arrowheads , axes , scrapers and other tools from flint , jewelry made of bone , animal teeth and -krallen, types of stone , a few from Bernstein and in a few cases from bronze and gold , this is usually in the form of thin Wires.

See also

literature

  • Emil Hoffmann: Lexicon of the Stone Age . Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-42125-3 , pp. 82-84.
  • Jakob Vedsted: Fortidsminder og Kulturlandskab - en kildekritisk analysis af tragtbaegerkulturens found material from northern Jursland. Forlaget Skippershoved, Ebeltoft 1986, ISBN 87-981329-5-4 .
  • Peter Vilhelm Glob : prehistoric monuments of Denmark. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1967.
  • Annette Damm: Denmark's prehistory and early history in Museum Moesgård . Museum Moesgård, Moesgård 1988, ISBN 87-87334-21-6 .
  • Kristian Kristiansen: Oldtid o.4000 f.Kr.-1.000 e.Kr. In: Claus Bjørn (red.): Det danske landbrugs historie I. Oldtid og middelalder. Landbohistorisk Selskab, Odense 1988, ISBN 87-7526-073-5 .
  • Finn Ole Nielsen, Poul Otto Nielsen: Middle and late neolithic houses at Limensgård, Bornholm In: Journal of Danish archeology. Volume 4, 1985, pp. 101-114.

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