Garden gladiolus
| Garden gladiolus | ||||||||||||
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Garden gladiolus |
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| Gladiolus × hortulanus | ||||||||||||
| LHBailey |
The garden gladiolus ( Gladiolus × hortulanus ) is a plant from the kind of gladiolus ( Gladiolus ) in the family of the Iridaceae (Iridaceae).
features
The garden gladiolus is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 50 to 130, rarely up to 200 centimeters. This geophyte forms tubers as persistent organs. These have a diameter of more than 4 centimeters. The leaves are over 2 inches wide.
The inflorescence is a dense or loose spike . It contains (rarely from 5) mostly 10 to 28 flowers. The perigone is often over 5 centimeters long and of various colors, including yellow, orange, salmon-colored, dark purple and sometimes also ruffled. The perigone is less than 6 centimeters long. The perigone lobes are usually unequal.
The flowering period extends from June to October, in some cases it begins as early as May.
use
The garden gladiolus is widely used as an ornamental plant in borders and in nurseries for field cultivation for cut flowers.
Diseases
The garden gladiolus is attacked by gladiolus bladder foot , botrytis gray mold, Septoria tuber rot and leaf spots as well as the white stripe mosaic virus .
Systematics
The garden gladiolus is a hybrid group of Gladiolus tristis , Gladiolus dalenii , Gladiolus oppositiflorus , Gladiolus papilio , Gladiolus carneus , Gladiolus cruentus and Gladiolus cardinalis . These species were introduced into Europe from the end of the 17th century. The oldest bastard is Gladiolus × colvillei hort. ( Gladiolus cardinalis × Gladiolus tristis , 1823). Later came Gladiolus cardinalis × Gladiolus carneus (Ramosus hybrids Charm hybrids), Gladiolus dalenii × Gladiolus oppositiflorus ( Gladiolus gandavensis hort., In 1841, the Primulinus hybrids of about 1,900 are from new origins), Gladiolus papilio × Gladiolus × gandavensis ( Gladiolus lemoinei hort. ex Baker, approx. 1800), Gladiolus cruentus × Gladiolus × gandavensis (Leichtlinii hybrids, Gladiolus × childsii hort.). In the meantime, over 10,000 varieties have been created, most of which have been forgotten again, but new ones are constantly being created. Gladiolus societies with exhibitions and prizes have existed in America since 1910 and in England since 1926. Garden gladioli are mainly bred in Great Britain, Holland, North America (including curly-flowered forms) and in Germany.
Due to the complex and partly not exactly known ancestry of the hybrids, a breakdown according to the parent species is not practical. Therefore, there is a breakdown according to characteristics such as flowering time, flowering form, inflorescence density and growth height into three large groups:
- Nanus group: it reaches heights of 50 to 110 centimeters. The flowering time is early summer. The flowers have a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters, up to 7 pieces are in a loose spike. One to three stems are formed per tuber.
- Primulinus group: it can reach heights of 70 to 110 centimeters. The flowers are triangular and 3.5 to 7.5 centimeters in diameter, up to 23 pieces form a loose spike. One stem is formed per tuber. The perigone is helmet-shaped at the top.
- Grandiflorus group: it reaches heights of 90 to 130, rarely up to 200 centimeters. The flowers have a diameter of 3.5 to 18 centimeters, up to 28 pieces form a dense spike. The flower spikes are up to 90 centimeters long. One stem is formed per tuber. Flowering time is from early summer to late summer. This group is further subdivided with a three-digit number code. The first digit stands for the flower size: 1 miniature flowered, the diameter is 3.5 to 6 centimeters, often frizzy; 2 small-flowered, the diameter is 6 to 9 centimeters; 3 medium-flowered, the diameter is 9 to 11 centimeters; 4 large-flowered, the diameter is 11 to 14 centimeters; 5 gigantic flowers, the diameter is more than 14 centimeters. The second digit stands for the flower color: 0 white and green; 1 yellow; 2 orange; 3 salmon; 4 pink; 5 red; 6 rose; 7 lavender; 8 purple; 9 smoky. The third digit indicates the increasing depth / darkness of the color from 0 to 6.
supporting documents
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .