Gartenstrasse 2-8 (Detmold)
The row of houses at Gartenstrasse 2-8 is a row house built from 1878 in the style of late classicism in Detmold in the Lippe district ( North Rhine-Westphalia ). The houses have been protected as a monument since March 1989. House number 6 was a Jewish house during the Nazi era .
history
On May 11, 1876, the Detmold master carpenter Wilhelm Schmidt acquired the house at Hornsche Strasse 27, including the spacious property along Gartenstrasse. On April 18, 1878, he applied to the building authorities for permission to build a row of houses on lots 3, 4 and 5 on Gartenstraße. The application was granted in May of the same year. The row of row houses with today's house numbers 2 to 8 was created, the final house with number 10 was not built by Schmidt, but also in 1878 by master bricklayer Friedrich Baumann.
The houses were only sold in the years 1889 to 1891: Number 2 went to Major a in July 1889. D. Joseph Ohlendorf, number 4 in the same month to the judge Friedrich Keller. House number 6 was bought by the Kiel Corvette Captain Alfred Thesdorph. House number 8 was last sold to Generalarzt a. D. Dr. med. Schmidt sold.
Judenhaus Gartenstrasse 6
The house had undergone several changes of owner and tenant when it was bought by the Jewish merchant Julius Rottenstein from Nieheim in December 1918. From the early 1920s until her mother's death, the house was lived in by Rottenstein's daughter Selma Leffmann and her son Kurt. In 1937 she moved to live with her father in Nieheim, and her son emigrated to England. The Jewish merchant Regina Bonom-Horowitz had lived in the house as a tenant since October 1934.
Regina Bonom had been running a pawn shop in Detmold since 1930, which she had to give up in 1933 after hostile attacks. Until 1936 she worked in the United Furniture works, but also lost this position after the linearization of the company. At the end of October 1938, Bonom and two people, also from Poland, were to be expelled as part of the Poland campaign . The trip ended in Zbąszyń because the Polish authorities refused to accept the trip . Bonom's daughter Mary, who had been hiding in Hanover during the action, still had the opportunity to vacate her mother's Detmold apartment and sell the furnishings. Regina Bonom did not return to Germany, her last sign of life came from the Rzeszów labor camp on October 29, 1941 .
When the Detmold synagogue was burned down on the night of the Reichspogrom , the family of the synagogue servant Louis Flatow also lost their apartment. Flatow, who was in the Buchenwald concentration camp for a few weeks , moved to Gartenstrasse with his wife Frieda on December 20, 1938. His son Max and daughter-in-law Alma joined them in 1939. By decree of November 18, 1938, all Jewish pupils had to leave German schools. For a while, the 15 children from Lippe were taught by traveling teachers until, on October 1, 1939, a private Jewish elementary school of the Detmold synagogue community was officially set up in Gartenstrasse. The students, 22 in 1941, came not only from Lippe, but also from neighboring districts. Teachers and students had to put up with anti-Semitic riots, they were threatened on the way to school and stones were thrown through the windows. From December 1941, the number of pupils decreased again due to deportations . On July 7, 1942, the prohibition of “any schooling for Jewish children” was issued. The school in Gartenstrasse no longer existed at this point; the teachers Hedwig Block, Ludwig Alexander and Louis Flatow had already been deported to the Warsaw ghetto with their families on March 30, 1942 .
As a result of the law on tenancy agreements with Jews of April 30, 1939, the Jewish houses were built, into which the Jews who had previously lived as tenants with non-Jews were forcibly relocated. In Detmold, these were the houses at Paulinenstrasse 6 (later no. 20, now demolished), Sachsenstrasse 4 / 4a and 25, Hornsche Strasse 33 and Gartenstrasse 6. In addition, religious services were held in the house by the former synagogue servant Flatow.
From February 1942 the house was also used as a retirement home. One man and 13 women were admitted, the oldest of them 89 years old. The nursing home was run by Auguste and Bernhardine Michaelis-Jena, two aunts of the writer Ruth Michaelis-Jena who emigrated in 1934 . The move in of the old people, including some furniture, led to a lack of space, food was also scarce and the residents had to starve.
At the end of July 1942, all Jews from Lippe, unless they were married to a non-Jewish partner, were deported to Theresienstadt . This also affected the residents of the nursing home on Gartenstrasse. They are said to have been brought in buses to the Kyffhäuser collection point in Bielefeld "with the hooting of the Detmold children". On August 1st of that year the Jews reached Theresienstadt. Among the deportees was the owner of the house at Gartenstrasse 6, Julius Rottenstein. According to XI. Ordinance of the Reich Citizenship Act of November 25, 1941, the property of a Jew fell to the German Reich when he was abroad - this also included the areas occupied by German troops. The house, including the furniture that had been left behind, was thus under the control and disposal of the financial authorities. With the sale of the furniture, 2,301.40 Reichsmarks were raised , and the building was to be rented to large families.
Only a few Jewish citizens from Detmold survived the Holocaust. Together with the people from mixed marriages, the Jewish community in Detmold consisted of over 60 people in July 1946. In January 1947, the tenants of the house at Gartenstrasse 6 were allocated new apartments and the Jewish community was able to rent the house from the tax office, which still owned it. As before, the building was to serve as a prayer room, school and old people's home. However, the city of Detmold refused to participate in the costs of the necessary repairs and renovations. At the same time, however, the tax office insisted on regular rent payments. An admission of the community chairman Wilhelm Ehrmann to the British military government was also unsuccessful. It was not until 1948 that the building was finally renovated to such an extent that senior citizens could move in and a prayer room was set up. A private teacher taught Jewish students. In October 1950 the house was returned to Julius Rottenstein's grandson, Kurt Leffmann from London. Since he was also dependent on the rental income, he could not help the Jewish community financially. He sold the house in 1953 to a Detmold milliner, the old people's home was closed in May 1955, and the Jewish community moved to the house at Allee 13 (today no.29), where they merged with the Herford community until 1970, had their seat.
architecture
The two-storey group of houses stands on a high basement. The two outer window axes are slightly extended, in the middle of the building (house numbers 4 and 6) there is a three-storey risalit with a triangular gable over four window axes. The middle parts of the wings (house numbers 2 and 8) are set back a little over two window axes and are raised in the roof by mid-sized houses . Access is via outside stairs to the mezzanine floor, where a terrace runs across the entire width of the house. The facade is decorated with late classical stucco decoration, a surrounding cornice between the ground and upper floors and three colossal pilasters in the central projections.
literature
- Wolfgang Müller: Gartenstrasse 6. On the history of a Detmold “Jewish house” and its inhabitants . In: Juden in Detmold (= Panu Derech - Prepare the way . Volume 26 ). Lippe Verlag, location 2008, ISBN 978-3-89918-012-1 , p. 17-51 .
Web links
- Terraced house at Gartenstrasse 2 in the city of Detmold's land register
- Terraced house at Gartenstrasse 4 in the city of Detmold's land register
- Terraced house at Gartenstrasse 6 in the city of Detmold's land register
- Terraced house at Gartenstrasse 8 in the city of Detmold's land register
Individual evidence
- ^ Frank Budde: Wood and Historicism - The master carpenter Wilhelm Schmidt and his buildings in Detmold (= special publications of the natural and historical association for the land of Lippe . Volume 76 ). NHV Lippe, Detmold 2005, ISBN 3-924481-15-6 , p. 25-27 .
- ↑ City of Detmold: Regina Bonom ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ City of Detmold: Reichspogromnacht 1938 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gudrun Mitschke-Buchholz: On Jewish footsteps - two city tours through Detmold . Lippe-Verlag, Lage 2001, ISBN 3-9808082-8-9 , p. 45-47 .
- ↑ City of Detmold: Judenhäuser, Alice Kirchheimer ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ City of Detmold: Gartenstraße 6 old people's home ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ City of Detmold: Theresienstadt, Ida Arensberg, Karla Frenkel, Ellen Meier, Julius Sondermann, Julius Rottenstein ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ City of Detmold: Post-war Detmold ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
