Detmold synagogue
| Detmold synagogue | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Data | |
| place | Detmold |
| builder | D. Langewort |
| architect | Louis Blecher |
| Construction year | 1907 |
| demolition | 1939 |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 56 '17.8 " N , 8 ° 52' 40" E |
The Detmold synagogue was the house of worship of the Detmold Jewish community . It stood on Lortzingstrasse, was built in 1907 and was arson during the Night of the Reichspogrom from November 9th to 10th, 1938.
history
From 1742 to 1905 the Jews in Detmold used the half-timbered synagogue on Exterstrasse. At the beginning of the 20th century, the community planned to build a new church and sold the previously used building for 19,000 marks to the innkeeper Wilhelm Schmidt.
A place was chosen as the location for the new synagogue , which was representative close to the palace and the court theater . On the property that the community had bought from the Princely Rent Chamber for 10,250 Marks, the building was built by 1907 according to plans by the Detmold architect Louis Blecher (* 1879 in Dillenburg ). The festive inauguration took place on May 17, 1907 in the presence of Prince Leopold IV and Princess Bertha. The local celebrities were also gathered, including Minister of State Max Freiherr von Gevekot , Mayor Robert Wittje , District Administrator Karl Heinrich Piderit , August Riekehof-Böhmer and District Court President Otto Preuss .
Two days later, on May 19, 1907, a banquet took place. In his speech, the head of the Jewish community, Alex Meyer expressed the desire that never the day will come when jealousy and envy and aversion to create something else, and put the discord in the place of peace ... . But as early as March 1920 and October 1923 there were anti-Semitic actions. The doors of the synagogue were blocked with stones and slips of paper with swastikas were attached to the building.
On the night of November 10, 1938, the night of the Reichspogrom , the synagogue went up in flames. Under the direction of Adolf Wedderwille , Mayor Hans Keller and the local group leader of the NSDAP , the state fire director started the fire around 2 a.m. The fire brigade merely prevented the flames from spreading to the neighboring structures. The servant of the synagogue Louis Flatow family became violent brought from her apartment, he was later transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp deported , the whole family did not survive the war. Only ruins remained of the building. In April 1939 the remains were removed by the Detmold entrepreneur Hermann Oberjasper, the still usable material, including iron girders and the portal columns, passed into his possession. The property was sold to the NSDAP in February 1940 for 3500 Reichsmarks , but the planned construction of a party house was not carried out.
.jpg)
Some cult objects survived the destruction and are now in the Lippisches Landesmuseum . Four portal columns, which have also been preserved, were integrated into a monument in the courtyard of the half-timbered synagogue. They have now been replaced by replicas .
After the war, the newly founded Jewish community tried to obtain a refund and compensation from the city of Detmold. Since the entrepreneur Oberjasper was not prepared to surrender the iron girders and the community chairman Tobias Blaustein did not want to be satisfied with the empty property on Lortzingstrasse, the city suggested the property at Allee 13 (today Allee 29) including development as a replacement. After this agreement between the city of Detmold and the Jewish Trust Corporation (JTC), the property became the property of JTC on October 3, 1953. The building was inaugurated as a synagogue on September 11, 1955. The property on Lortzingstrasse was sold to Familienfürsorge Lebensversicherung in 1958 , which built an administration building on it.
In 1962 the reformed pastors Heinrich Bödeker (Detmold) and Peter Gleiss ( Remmighausen ) came up with the idea of a memorial for the destroyed synagogue. With the support of the state superintendent D. Udo Smidt, they had a memorial plaque created by the graphic artist Kurt Wolff , which was attached to the family welfare building on November 10, 1963. It bears the inscription
- Don't we all have a father? Didn't a god create us? Why then do we despise one another and profane the covenant made with our fathers? Malachi 2, verse 10. In memory of the destroyed synagogue in 1938. November 10, 1963 . ( Times 2.10 LUT )
The quotation from the Bible was previously an inscription above the entrance to the Detmold and other synagogues. In its original function, however, it was not intended to propagate the reconciliation of the religions, but rather conjured the unity of the fragmented Jewish communities.
The Detmold Jews have come together with the 1970 Herfordern together in the Jewish community Herford Detmold.
In the 1980s, Detmold also came to grips with the National Socialist past. In 1988 a group of Jewish guests visited the Detmold memorials with the support of Detmold's mayor Friedrich Brakemeier . In particular Uri Lev-Ron, who was born in Detmold in 1916 as Rudi Heilbrunn and who emigrated to Palestine with his family in 1933, complained about the size and inscription of the memorial plaque. Instead, he suggested a memorial stone with the inscription “The synagogue built in 1907 was located here. It was burned down in the November pogrom in 1938. Detmold Jewish Community 1666 to 1942 - 1946 to 1970 ”. The sculptor Dorsten Diekmann then created a two-part stone, on the upper part of which the old memorial plaque was attached, while the lower part facing the street has the new inscription by Uri Lev-Ron. This new memorial stone was inaugurated on April 10, 1994.
Another memorial, which was later supplemented by memorial plaques with the names of murdered Detmold Jews at the work of the archive educator Wolfgang Müller, has been located in the back yard of the old synagogue on Exterstrasse since 1988.
architecture
The synagogue was a central building in the neo-Romanesque style. The central, octagonal pointed dome was crowned with a Star of David . The floor plan was cruciform . The projections to the north, west (Lortzingstrasse) and south contained large windows. The western window showed the seven-armed candlestick and the inscription "The Lord is my light" as a motif . The southern window showed the shofar and the inscription "Remember us for life". The window on the north wall had palm branches as a motif and contained the inscription "Danket dem Herren". The tops of the gables were decorated with command panels.
A three-storey extension on the east side contained a library, a classroom, a meeting room and the apartment for the synagogue servant.
On Lortzingstrasse, a generous flight of stairs led to the column- adorned clover - leaf arch portal. Side entrances on both sides of the main portal were in small turrets with curved spire domes . They led to the gallery that ran along three sides of the synagogue and offered space for 88 visitors. Another 154 visitors found space on the ground floor.
See also
literature
- Gudrun Mitschke-Buchholz: On the trail of Jews. Two city tours through Detmold . 2nd Edition. Lippe-Verlag, location 2008, ISBN 978-3-89918-018-3 , p. 60-63 .
- Elfi Pracht : Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part III: Detmold administrative district (= contributions to the architectural and art monuments of Westphalia . Volume 1.1 ). JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-7616-1397-0 , p. 303-307 .
- Peter Wagner: The Jewish community is building a synagogue . In: Detmold around 1900. Documentation of an urban history project . Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2004, ISBN 3-89528-435-1 , p. 135-156 .
- Andreas Ruppert: Lortzingstrasse 6. A property in Detmold . In: Rosenland, magazine for Lippe history . No. 6 , April 2008, p. 29–43 ( Online [PDF; 1.3 MB ; accessed on May 3, 2013]).
Web links
- Memorials and memorials in Lippe. Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation in Lippe eV, accessed on July 27, 2014 .
- Entry in the synagogue internet archive. Retrieved July 27, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Ruppert: Lortzingstrasse 6 , p. 31
- ↑ Lippische Landes-Zeitung of May 21, 1907 (quoted in Gudrun Mitschke-Buchholz, p. 61)
- ^ Ruppert: Lortzingstrasse 6 , p. 35
- ^ Ruppert: Lortzingstrasse 6 , p. 36
- ^ Ruppert: Lortzingstrasse 6 , pp. 37–38
- ^ Ruppert: Lortzingstrasse 6 , p. 39
- ^ Elfi splendor: Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part III: Detmold administrative district . 1999, ISBN 978-3-7616-1397-9 , pp. 306 .