Gaston Maurice Julia

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Gaston Maurice Julia (born February 3, 1893 in Sidi bel Abbès , Algeria , † March 19, 1978 in Paris ) was a French mathematician .

Julia (right) with Gustav Herglotz

Julia grew up in French Algeria , where his father repaired agricultural machines. He attended school in Oran and, from 1910 onwards, a high school in Paris with a scholarship . He studied from 1911 at the École normal supérieure (ENS) after he had cut the best in the entrance exams to the ENS (and the École polytechnique ).

Life

In 1914 he was drafted as a sergeant in World War I and seriously wounded in his first battle in January 1915. A bullet hit him in the face and destroyed his nose, so that after several unsuccessful recovery operations, he wore a leather strap on his face for the rest of his life .

In 1916 he received his doctorate with Émile Picard at the Collège de France . In 1918 he published his best-known article on the iteration of rational functions ( Mémoire sur l'itération des fonctions rationnelles , Journal de Mathématiques pures et appliquées). In this paper he introduced the Julia set , which plays an important role in the theory of dynamical systems . Independently of Julia, Pierre Fatou also carried out corresponding investigations. Since the 1980s, this has again been an area of ​​intensive mathematical research. The related computer graphics were made known to a wider non-mathematical audience by Benoît Mandelbrot , Heinz-Otto Peitgen and others. For his work on the iteration of rational functions, Julia received the Grand Prize of the French Academy of Sciences and gave the Peccot lectures at the Collège de France in 1919 . In the same year he became Maître de conférences at the ENS, tutor at the École Polytechnique and professor at the Sorbonne . In 1937 he became a professor at the École Polytechnique .

In 1934 he was accepted into the French Academy of Sciences , of which he was president in 1950, and was a member, for example, of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences . In 1932 he was president of the French Mathematical Society . In 1950 he became an officer of the Legion of Honor .

He was married to Marianne Chausson (his nurse, the daughter of the composer Ernest Chausson ) since 1916 and had six children with her. One of them was the chemist Marc Julia .

Fonts

Books:

  • Oeuvres . 6 volumes, Paris, Gauthier-Villars 1968–1970 (editors Jacques Dixmier , Michel Hervé , with a foreword by Julia).
  • Eléments de géométrie infinitésimale . Gauthier-Villars 1927
  • Cours cinématique . Gauthier-Villars 1928, 2nd edition 1936
  • Exercices d'analysis . 4 volumes, Gauthier-Villars, 1928–1938, 2nd edition 1944, 1950
  • Principes Géométriques d'Analyse . 2 volumes, Gauthier-Villars, 1930, 1932
  • Introduction Mathématique aux Theories Quantiques . 2 volumes, Gauthier-Villars 1936, 1938, 2nd edition 1949, 1955
  • Eléments d'algèbre . Gauthier-Villars 1959
  • Cours de Géométrie . Gauthier-Villars 1941
  • Cours de géométrie infinitésimale . Gauthier-Villars, 2nd edition 1953
  • Exercices de géométrie . 2 volumes, Gauthier-Villars 1944, 1952
  • Leçons sur la representation conforme des aires simplement connexes . Gauthier-Villars 1931, 2nd edition 1950
  • Leçons sur la representation conforme des aires multiplement connexes . Gauthier-Villars 1934
  • Leçons sur les fonctions uniformes à point singulier essentiel isolé . Gauthier-Villars 1924
  • Traité de Theorie de Fonctions . Gauthier-Villars 1953
  • Leçons sur les fonctions monogènes uniformes d'une variable complexes . Gauthier-Villars 1917
  • Étude sur les formes binaires non quadratiques à indéterminées réelles ou complexes, ou à indéterminées conjuguées . Gauthier-Villars 1917

Essays:

literature

  • Michèle Audin : Fatou , Julia, Montel , le grand prix des sciences mathématiques de 1918, et après… Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-00445-2 . (French); English translation: Michèle Audin: Fatou, Julia, Montel, The Great Prize of Mathematical Sciences of 1918, and Beyond . Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-17853-5 .
  • Daniel S. Alexander: A history of complex dynamics: from Schröder to Fatou and Julia. (Aspects of Mathematics), Vieweg, Braunschweig 1994, ISBN 3-528-06520-6 .
  • Daniel Alexander, Felice Iavernaro, Alessandro Rosa: Early days in complex dynamics: a history of complex dynamics in one variable 1906–1940 . In: History of Mathematics , 38, American Mathematical Society, 2012
  • Alexander Devaney: ' A century of complex dynamics . In: AMM Centenial , Volume 2015
  • Michel Hervé: L'oeuvre de Gaston Julia . In: Cahiers Hist.Math. , 1981
  • M. Mendès-France : Gaston Julia . In: The Mathematical Intelligencer , Volume 10, 1988, Issue 4, p. 35.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Julia, Gaston Maurice
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Sidi bel Abbès , Algeria
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1978
Place of death Paris