Gausus

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Gausus (also Gautaz , Gautr , Gauti and Gautatýr ) is a Latinized name in Old High German for a Germanic deity, which the Lombards have also handed down as the progenitor of the kings Audoin and Alboin . It is noteworthy that Gautr is considered the ancestor of various Germanic royal houses and thus seems to be of early Germanic origin.

The Old High German knows the Latinized name Gausus , because the Lombards consider this to be the progenitor of a Lombard dynasty that was founded around 546 when King Audoin came to power and was continued by his son Alboin. In Old Norse, in Norse mythology , Gautr , Gauti and Gautatýr are epithets of the main god Odin . Research also associates the name with the Scandinavian Götländer ( Old Icelandic Gautar ) and the continental Goths (Old Icelandic Gotar ). The Anglo-Saxons named Géat as the progenitor of their royal family. The early medieval historical work Historia Brittonum , attributed to Nennius , reports that the heathen worshiped Géat as god and that kingship came from him. The old Saxon hero saga, on the other hand, knows a "Kampf-Gaut", the hero Hathagât . Widukind from Corveys Res gestae Saxonicae writes of an "already older warrior" who was called the father of the fathers and who appeared as a combative ancestor god during the battle. In Gothic , here in Jordanes ' Gothic story , the deity appears under the name Gapt as the ancestor of the Amal kings Ermanaric and Theodoric .

A very controversial thesis in research is the attempt to associate Gausus with the nickname Odins Gautr and to see in this a claim of this gender to divine descent. On the one hand , according to Jörg Jarnut , Gausus would be “the only Longobard evidence of such a claim”, and secondly, comparable information on the origin, such as the Haruden at King Rothari , would allow the conclusion that Audoin's ancestors were “Gautical descent”

Remarks

  1. ↑ Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani 5, in: Ludwig Bethmann, Georg Waitz (Hrsg.): Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VI-IX. Hannover 1878, p. 9 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ) There it says in Latin: Audoin ex genere fuit Gausus .
  2. ↑ Olof Verelius (Ed.): Bósa saga ok Herrauðs . Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Curio 1666, p. 1. The Icelandic saga Bósa saga ok Herrauðs describes the progenitor of the godland royal family, Gautr , as the son of Odin. (on-line)
  3. ↑ Nennius: Historia Brittonum . In: Theodor Mommsen (Ed.): Auctores antiquissimi 13: Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII. (III). Berlin 1898, p. 171 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  4. ↑ Widukind von Corvey : Res gestae Saxonicae 11. In: Paul Hirsch (ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi 60: The Saxon history of the Widukind von Korvei (Widukindi monachi Corbeiensis Rerum gestarum Saxonicarum libri III). Hannover 1935, p. 18 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  5. ↑ See Jordanes , Getica 14, 79-81. In: Theodor Mommsen (ed.): Auctores antiquissimi 5.1: Iordanis Romana et Getica. Berlin 1882, pp. 76-77 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  6. ↑ Otto Höfler : The sacred character of the Germanic kingdom . In: Constance Working Group for Medieval History (ed.): The Kingship. Its intellectual and legal basis. Mainau Lectures 1954 . (= Institute for State Historical Research of the Lake Constance Area in Konstanz. Lectures and Research 3). Thorbecke, Lindau / Konstanz 1956, ISSN  0452-490X , p. 3. Höfler cites here as an argument in favor of sacral royalty that Germanic royal houses often traced back to a mythical ancestor.
  7. ↑ Cf. Hermann Fröhlich : Studies on the Lombard succession to the throne from the beginnings to the conquest of the Italian Empire by Charlemagne (774) (Dissertation. Volume 1). Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 1980, pp. 4-6.
  8. ^ Jörg Jarnut :  Gausus. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 10, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015102-2 , p. 484 ..

literature

  • Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X .
  • Jörg Jarnut :  Gausus. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 10, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015102-2 , pp. 484-485.
  • Otto Höfler : The sacred character of the Germanic kingdom . In: Constance Working Group for Medieval History (ed.): The Kingship. Its intellectual and legal basis. Mainau Lectures 1954 . (= Institute for State Historical Research of the Lake Constance Area in Konstanz. Lectures and Research 3). Thorbecke, Lindau / Konstanz 1956, ISSN  0452-490X , pp. 75-104.
  • Hermann Fröhlich : Studies on the Lombard succession to the throne from the beginnings to the conquest of the Italian Empire by Charlemagne (774) (Dissertation. Volume 1). Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 1980, pp. 56-60.

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