Pahlawan Mahmud Memorial
The Pahlawan Mahmud Memorial is a memorial in Uzbekistan built around the grave of the venerated saint , Pahlawan Mahmud . Around this or in it is the necropolis of the Khans of Khiva . The memorial is the cultural center of the historical old town Chiwas Ichan Qalʼа and an outstanding part of the UNESCO World Heritage .
history
The memorial was built at the grave of Pahlawan Mahmud, who lived in Mongolian times from 1247 to 1326 . He was known as a wrestler , poet - philosopher and teacher of Sufism . A cemetery was built around the saint's grave between the 14th and 17th centuries . Early 18th century taught Khan Schirgazi on the necropolis his madrasah from.
In 1810 Khan Muhammad Rahim I (reigned 1806 to 1825) had the tomb rebuilt and the central mausoleum built. The new building included the old crypt and a Khanqah with a high dome , the striking shape of which is one of the landmarks of Chiwa. The builder was Adin Murad , who, like the names of the ceramicists Nur Muhammad and Muhammad Fano , was immortalized on an inscription . A court of the dead was set up in front of the entrance to the mausoleum . The gates of the old cemetery became the entrance portal.
Under Khan Esfendijar (reign from 1910 to 1920) a two-storey Qori khans were built on the west wall of the courtyard and a summer mosque on the east wall .
Necropolis of the Khans of Khiva
After the renovation or new construction of the mausoleum, it became the central structure of the necropolis of the rulers of the Khiva Khanate . Muhammad Rahim I was buried in the Khanqah, the central domed building. His sarcophagus is in a wall niche opposite the entrance. There are more sarcophagi in the Khanqah. A plate with the epitaph for a dignitary of Khan Ilbar II was incorporated into the portal .
An east wing was later added to the central mausoleum , where the burial of Khan Alla Kuli (reigned 1825 to 1842) is located. The penultimate Khiva Khan Esfendijar had prepared his crypt in the Qori-Khane during his lifetime, but was buried outside the city because he died outside of Chiwas and according to tradition it was forbidden to carry the dead through the city gates. In the Qori khans, the mother of Esfendijars Kultugbegin Khanum and two other members of the family were buried in the lower khudras . The other rooms were living rooms for Koran readers .
The inner rooms and the sarcophagi are distinguished by the beauty of their majolica design . They are considered masterpieces of the Khiva decor art . Blue ceramic tiles create plant and geometric wickerwork patterns. In the Khanqah and the memorial mosque there are tiles with poems. One example is: “The colors of this painting serve as a pattern for spring. They are a reminder of the art of Abdullah ”.
gallery
Portal of the Khanqah and court of the dead with several graves
The decorated Khanqah with the sarcophagus Muhammad Rahim I in the middle niche, two further sarcophagi in the rear left corner
The ornate interior of the Khanqah's dome
Sarcophagi in the mausoleum to the west of the Khanqah
literature
- Alexey Arapov: The Historical Monuments of Uzbekistan . Tashkent Samarkand Bukhara Chiva Shahrisabz. SMI-ASIA, Tashkent 2016, ISBN 978-9943-17-075-9 , Chiva, p. 100 to 103 .
Coordinates: 41 ° 22 ′ 37.4 " N , 60 ° 21 ′ 34.3" E