Turmeric
| Turmeric | ||||||||||||
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Turmeric ( Xanthorhiza simplicissima ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Xanthorhiza | ||||||||||||
| Marshall | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Xanthorhiza simplicissima | ||||||||||||
| Marshall |
The turmeric ( Xanthorhiza simplicissima ) is the only species of the genus Xanthorhiza in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).
features
The turmeric is a deciduous shrub with thin (diameter 3 to 6 mm) above-ground branches and long, underground rhizomes that reach heights of 20 to 70 centimeters. Roots , rhizomes and bark are yellow. The alternate foliage leaves , arranged in tufts at the ends of the branches, are petiolate and one to two pinnate with three to five leaflets. The 2.5 to 10 cm × 2 to 8 cm wide pinna leaflets have split up sawn sheet edges.
The axillary, bent over, panicles , 5 to 21 cm total inflorescence with scale-like bracts is from traubigen composed part of inflorescences and contains numerous flowers . The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are five-fold. The top five nailed, even in the fruits existing bloom are dark brown-purple to greenish-yellow, and 2.5 to 5 millimeters by 2 millimeters. The five brown-purple nectar leaves are bilobed and with 0.5 to 0.9 millimeters much smaller than the bracts. There are five or ten stamens . The usually five or ten, rarely two or fifteen carpels each contain two ovules .
The flowering period extends from April to May.
The solitary, yellowish-brown follicles are 3 to 4 millimeters in size and are grouped together. The egg-shaped, smooth seeds are reddish-brown.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
Occurrence
The turmeric occurs from warm to temperate eastern North America on shady banks, in damp forests, in bushes and on ledges at altitudes of 0 to 1200 meters.
Taxonomy
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall has the synonym Xanthorhiza apiifolia L'Héritier .
use
Turmeric is rarely used as an ornamental plant for groups of trees. It has been in culture since 1776 at the latest.
The underground parts of the plant are used medicinally, and a yellow dye can also be extracted from them.
literature
- Bruce D. Parfitt: Xanthorhiza in the Flora of North America , Volume 3: Online.
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Xanthorhiza simplicissima at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Entry in Plants for a Future. (engl.).
