Common dragon arum

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Common dragon arum
Common Dragon Arum (Dracunculus vulgaris)

Common Dragon Arum ( Dracunculus vulgaris )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Arum family (Araceae)
Subfamily : Aroideae
Genre : Dragon Wort ( Dracunculus )
Type : Common dragon arum
Scientific name
Dracunculus vulgaris
Bulkhead

The dracunculus vulgaris ( Dracunculus vulgaris ), also Bistort called, is a flowering plant in the family of the arum family (Araceae). It is one of the largest and most conspicuous European species within the Araceae family during the flowering period.

In German usage, the term “Drachenwurz” is often understood to mean the native swamp calla ( Calla palustris ).

description

Inflorescence cut open:
male flowers (above),
female flowers (below)

Vegetative characteristics

The common dragon root grows as a slender to strong perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 60 to 120 centimeters. It forms a relatively large, flattened, spherical to disc-shaped tuber as a permanent organ, with a slightly protruding to slightly sunken vegetation point. The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette and are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The long leaf sheaths envelop the inflorescence stem. The foot-shaped leaf blade is divided into 9 to 15 sections. These more or less flat leaf sections are elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, the middle one being larger than the lateral ones.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescence typical of the arum family with a spathe (single bract) and spadix (cobs) stands on a stem-round inflorescence stem . The relatively large spathe has a wavy edge and a dark purple color on the inside and greenish on the outside. The lower part of the spathe is more or less closed. The open area of ​​the spathe is initially upright but soon curves back. The upper, blossomless, thickened section of the bulb is black-purple in color and usually protrudes over the spathe. The male and female flowers are only separated by a few sterile flowers. The male flowers contain three to four stamens with short stamens. The elongated to elongated spindle-shaped ovaries are unicameral and contain only a few ovules . The inflorescence gives off an intense scent of carrion to attract insects.

The fruit cluster contains a few to many obovate berries that contain few seeds. The spherical-egg-shaped seeds are somewhat flattened laterally and angular with a wrinkled seed coat (testa).

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, less often 32.

Occurrence

The common dragon arum is native to the eastern Mediterranean and occurs west to Corsica and Sardinia. It is widespread in the Balkans, the Aegean Islands, Crete and south-west Turkey. It occurs in northeastern Algeria, in Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy, in the former Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Crete, in the Aegean Sea and in Turkey. It grows in forests and bushes on nutrient-rich, moist locations.

The common dragon arum is cultivated and is wild in places.

See also

photos

  • Stem with characteristic drawing

  • Foliage leaf

  • inflorescence

  • inflorescence

  • Fruit cluster

  • At the location in Crete

  • In a rocky habitat

  • tuber

literature

  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : The cosmos Mediterranean flora. Over 500 Mediterranean plants in color photos (=  Kosmos nature guide ). 2nd Edition. Franckh, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-440-05300-8 , p. 208 .
  • Peter C. Boyce: The genera Dracunculus and Helicodiceros (Araceae: Aroideae). In: Thaiszia. Volume 4, No. 2, 1994, pp. 175-182 (PDF file) (section description).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Dracunculus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 12, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Common Dragon Arum ( Dracunculus vulgaris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files