George Julian Harney

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George Julian Harney (wood engraving)
George Julian Harney (photography 1886)

George Julian Harney (born February 17, 1817 in Deptford , † December 9, 1897 in Richmond upon Thames ) was a British politician and was considered the leader of the left wing of the Chartists .

Life

His father was a seaman, he was a salesman and journalist. At the age of 11 he entered the "Boy's Naval School" in Greenwich , but dropped out and became a shop-boy at Henry Hetherington (1792-1842), the editor of the "Poor Man's Guardian". Harney was arrested three times for selling the paper illegally. In 1837 he founded the London Working Men's Association with Allan Davenport and Charles Hodgson Neesom (1785–1861) . At the National Convention of the Chartists, 1839 in London, Harney took part as a representative for Newcastle on Tyne, in 1840 also in the establishment of the National Charter Association . In 1850 he was elected to the executive branch of the organization along with his friend Ernest Charles Jones . Under his leadership and cooperation, the newspaper “Northern Star”, founded by Feargus O'Connor , developed into an influential mouthpiece for the Chartists. He later directed his own weekly publications, such as the “Friend of the People” or the “Star of Freedom”. In 1845 Harney joined the League of the Righteous (later the League of Communists ), he was now in contact with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . After 1848/49 he tried in vain to profile the Chartist movement as a "proletarian - revolutionary force". In this context, he edited the journals Democratic Review and The Red Republican . In the latter, the Communist Party's manifesto first appeared in English in 1850.

In 1851 there was a temporary break with Engels and Marx. In late 1852, Harney largely withdrew from political life and in 1862 he moved to Boston , where he worked as secretary for the Massachusetts government . He did not return to Europe ( Jersey ) until 1888 . 1869 became a member of the International Workers' Association . From 1888 he wrote a weekly column for the Newcastle Chronicle and was in constant correspondence with Engels.

Works

  • The red Republican & The Friend of the people . Ed. by George Julian Harney. London 1850 - 1851 (Reprint Merlin Press, London 1966)
  • The Democratic review of British and foreign politics, history, & literature . (Reprint Merlin Press, London 1966)
  • The Anti-Turkish Crusade. A Review of a Recent Agitation, with Recollections on the Eastern Question . Boston, Mass. 1876
  • Victor Hugo in Jersey . In: Athenaeum , London 20th June 1876

literature

  • Carl Blind: Georg Julian Harney. A people's fighter from the Chartist era. In: The Gazebo. Illustrated family sheet. Born in 1879. Ernst Keil, Leipzig 1879, p. 435
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht : George Julian Harney . In: The True Jacob . No. 276 of February 16, 1897, pp. 2385-2386 digitized
  • George Julian Harney . In: The Open court . Chicago 1898, p. 112 f.
  • Edward Aveling : George Julian Harney. A Straggler of 1848 . In: The Social-Democrat . No. 1, 1897 (German in: Mohr and General . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1964, pp. 473–475)
  • Thomas Clark: Reflections upon the past policy and future prospects of the Chartist Party. Also, a letter condemnatory of private assassination, as recommended by Mr. GJ Harney . S. Boonham, London 1850
  • RA Schoyen: The Chartist Callange. A portrait of George Julian Harney . Heinemann, London 1958
  • W. Kunina: George Julian Harney . In EP Kandel (ed.): Marx and Engels and the first proletarian revolutionaries . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965, pp. 421–455 and 545–551
  • The Harney Papers . Edited by Frank Gees Black and Renee Métiver Black. van Gorcum & Comp. NV Dr. HJ Prakke & HMG Prakke, Assen 1969 (Publications on Social History issued by the Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis, Amsterdam Vol. V.) contains all 375 surviving letters, 128 of them from George Julian Harney to Engels and Marx
  • Harney, George Julian . In: Biographical dictionary of European labor leaders . Vol. 1. A - L. Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. / London 1995, p. 406 f. Digitized in English

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Engels to Marx February 23, 1851 (MEW Vol. 27, p. 189).
  2. ↑ W. Kunina S. 454th
personal data
SURNAME Harney, George Julian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British politician
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Deptford
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1897
Place of death Richmond upon Thames