Common stiff grass

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Common stiff grass
Common stiff grass (Catapodium rigidum)

Common stiff grass ( Catapodium rigidum )

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Poeae
Genre : Catapodium
Type : Common stiff grass
Scientific name
Catapodium rigidum
( L. ) CEHubb.

The common stiff grass or common rigid grass ( Catapodium rigidum ) is a species from the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It is common all over the world. The stocks in Austria have expired, in Germany it occurs inconsistently in places.

description

Common stiff grass is an annual , often gray-green, sweet grass that grows in small clusters. The stalks are 3 to 30 centimeters long, erect or kneeling ascending, stiff, smooth, hairless and form two to five knots . The leaf sheath is strongly grooved, smooth and hairless. The ligule is a 1 to 3 millimeter long, membranous border. The leaf blade is 1 to 8 inches long, 0.5 to 2 millimeters wide, spread flat or rolled up. The upper side and the tip of the leaf are hairless and rough, the underside is also hairless but smooth.

Habit, illustration
Common stiff grass ( Catapodium rigidum ), illustration

The inflorescence is a 2 to 8 centimeter long and up to 2.5 centimeter wide, unilateral, more or less dense, spreading panicle . The side branches start individually from the stiff main axis. The spikelets are alternate, the upper side branches carry only one spikelet each. The side branches and the approximately 1.5 millimeter long spikelet stalks are thick and rough. The spikelets are four to ten flowered and 4 to 7 millimeters long. The glumes are seen from the side lanceolate, acute, derbhäutig, bald and keeled. The two glumes per spikelet are quite unequal to one another: the lower one is one to three-veined and 1.2 to 1.5 millimeters long, the upper one is three-veined and 1.5 to 2 millimeters long. The lemma is five-nerved, 2 to 2.5 millimeters long, elliptical and rounded at the upper end, membranous, smooth and glabrous and has thinner edges. The middle nerve often ends in a short awning tip . The palea is two-veined, 2 to 2.5 millimeters long, lanceolate and rough on the keels with short spiky hairs. The three anthers are 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters long. The ovary is bare. The flowering period extends from May to July.

The fruit is 1.6 to 1.8 millimeters long, smooth and glabrous and narrowly elliptical in outline. The embryo is about a fifth the length of the fruit. The hilum is elliptical.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Distribution and ecology

The distribution area extends in Europe from Portugal and Spain to Ireland and Scotland and over the Mediterranean area to the Caucasus, Iran and Arabia. It is also native to Holland, Luxembourg, Alsace and Lorraine, Valais and Ticino. In Austria the stocks are considered to have expired. In Germany, stunted forms with short stalks and small, barely branched panicles sometimes appear, for example in 1993 in Aachen, from 1973 to 1982 in Bonn, 1980 and 1991 in Stuttgart and 1984 in Darmstadt. Outside of Europe, it can be found in the north, northeast and south of Africa, Macaronesia , Australia, New Zealand, the United States, South America and the Caribbean. The species is found in Central Europe only in the warmest places on roadsides and rubble sites, in vineyards, in crevices and on walls. It grows on dry, stony-sandy, nutrient-poor, mostly calcareous, shallow soils. The common stiff grass is a therophyte , drought pointer, base pointer, mineral soil pointer and a light plant. In the Mediterranean area, it is a species of character of the class Thero-Brachypodietea. In Central Europe it occurs in societies of the Thero-Airion association and often together with Vulpia myuros .

Systematics and research history

The common stiff grass Catapodium rigidum is a species from the genus Catapodium in the sweet grass family (Poaceae). The species was in 1754 by Carl Linnaeus in the Flora Anglica as Poa rigida ( Basionym ) first described and set it so that the Rispengräsern ( Poa ). Charles Edward Hubbard introduced the species in 1953 as Catapodium rigidum in the genus Catapodium . Synonyms include Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin , Festuca rigida Roth , Glyceria rigida (L.) Sm. , Megastachya rigida (L.) Roem. & Schult. , Poa rigida L. , Sclerochloa rigida (L.) Link , Scleropoa rigida Grossh. , Scleropoa subspicata Sennen , Synaphe rigida (L.) Dulac .

A distinction can be made between two subspecies and one variety:

  • Catapodium rigidum subsp. hemipoa (Delile ex Spreng.) Kerguélen (Syn .: Poa hemipoa (Spreng.) Loret & Barrandon , Sclerochloa hemipoa (Spreng.) Guss. , Scleropoa hemipoa (Spreng.) Parl. , Triticum hemipoa (Spreng.) Delile ex Ten. ): It occurs in Macaronesia and from the Mediterranean region to Iran.
  • Catapodium rigidum var. Majus (C.Presl) M.Laínz : It occurs from the eastern Mediterranean to Iran.
  • Catapodium rigidum subsp. rigidum (Syn .: Megastachya pulchella Roem. & Schult. , Sclerochloa filiformis Tornab. , Sclerochloa zwierleinii Lojac. , Scleropoa zwierleinii Lojac. , Scleropoa villaris Sennen & Mauricio ): It occurs in Macaronesia and from Europe to Iran and Djibouti .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name after Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 184.
  2. ^ German name after Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd improved edition. Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , pp. 1166 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e W.D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: Catapodium rigidum. In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, accessed November 2, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book . Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 184 .
  5. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd improved edition. Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , pp. 1166 .
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  220 .
  7. ^ Catapodium rigidum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  8. ↑ Poa rigida. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved November 2, 2014 .
  9. ^ Catapodium rigidum. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved November 2, 2014 .
  10. ^ Catapodium rigidum. In: The Plant List. Retrieved November 2, 2014 .
  11. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Catapodium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 8, 2016.

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin / Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , p. 184 .

Web links

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