Union of German Emperors
| Union of German Emperors | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Underground mining | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | November 3, 1871 | ||
| End of operation | December 1, 1928 (shafts 1/6) | ||
| Successor use | Shafts 1/6 sports field | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 29 '40 " N , 6 ° 46' 5" E | ||
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| Location | Hamborn | ||
| local community | Duisburg | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Duisburg | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The union German Kaiser (GDK) was at the beginning of a coal - mine in Hamborn at Duisburg, which developed to the same name by the integration of different operations to a steel manufacturing conglomerate. This was spread over several locations (Hamborn, Bruckhausen, Aldenrade, ...), the administrative assignments of which also developed due to the advancement of industrialization (village (autonomous), mayor's office (association), district (integration), city district, city) and changed (to Beeck, to Ruhrort, to Hamborn, ...). With these changes , the term GDK also diversified .
history
1867 "trade union Hamborn" were on the present area under the name of Duisburg located mine fields "Hamborn", "Neumühl" and "Rhine" awarded . In 1871 the “Hamborn” mine was renamed “German Kaiser” in honor of Wilhelm I.
In 1874 the mining of hard coal was started with shaft 1 . From 1883 August Thyssen began to buy up the majority of the GDK Kuxe . He achieved this goal in 1891. For August Thyssen, GDK was one of the central companies of his vertically integrated mining group. He purposefully expanded the mine into a smelter , u. a. by adding steelworks , coking plants and rolling mills .
As part of this expansion, the outer parts of the field were opened up with additional pits. In 1888, the sinking of shaft 2 between Fahrn and Walsum (Aldenrade) began. In 1889, shaft 3 was added in Bruckhausen . Both shafts were sunk using the sinkhole method , which in particular in shaft 2 meant major problems because of the water-bearing overburden. In 1890 there was a flooding in shaft 2, which made a lengthy swamp necessary.
In 1895, shaft 3 began mining. The extensive steelworks of the GDK were built and put into operation in the immediate vicinity. In 1896, the production on shaft 2 could then be started. In 1899, shaft 4 was sunk in the southern field area between Hamborn and Meiderich , which came into operation in 1903.
Gradually the four shaft systems were to be expanded to double shaft systems. For this purpose, in 1901, next to shaft 2, shaft 5 and next to shaft 1, shaft 6. A coking plant was also built on shaft 4 and shaft 3 . While shaft 6 went into operation in 1906, shaft 5 again encountered enormous difficulties due to the overburden , so that it was not fully started up until 1909. 1905 next to the shaft 3 of the shaft 7 and the shaft 4 next to the shaft 8 was recognized . While the former went into operation in 1908, shaft 8 was deferred for investment reasons .
Before the First World War , the GDK operated one of the most modern smelters in Europe in addition to the Deutscher Kaiser 1/6, 2/5, 3/7 and 4 pits, as well as coking plants 3/7 and 4, making it a fully integrated smelting group. In 1913 the German Emperor's Union produced 839,000 tons of crude steel, 765,000 tons of pig iron and had a rolling capacity of 795,000 tons. In 1913, the GDK pits together produced 4.2 million tonnes of coal and 1.4 million tonnes of coke.
In 1919 GDK was divided into the August-Thyssen-Hütte and the Friedrich Thyssen union . The Friedrich Thyssen union renamed the mine to Zeche Friedrich Thyssen . In 1926 the August-Thyssen-Hütte became part of the Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG .
The pits were shut down in the mid-1970s.
Pit 1/6 in 1910
Pit 2/5 in 1908
Pit 3/7 in 1907
literature
- Wilhelm Treue : The fires never go out. August Thyssen-Hütte 1890–1926. Econ-Verlag, Düsseldorf and Vienna 1966.
- Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr (series: The blue books ). Verlag Langewiesche Nachhaben, Königstein im Taunus, 6th, expanded and updated edition by Christiane Syré and Hans-Curt Köster. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 , p. 190.
- Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. 3rd edition, self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum, 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- Home calendar of the Wesel district in 1981 ; Kleve 1980, ISBN 3-922384-61-7 , pp. 161-167.
- Contemporary witness exchange Duisburg: Duisburg collieries in historical photographs . Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2017, ISBN 978-3-95400-747-9 .