Giessen black
The Giessen Blacks (also Germanic League ) were a radical national and republican fraternity movement in Giessen at the beginning of the 19th century. The most famous member was Karl Follen .
The student union was founded in 1815 by seven donors from the Teutsche Reading Society and used the colors black-blue-red . Its members, whose number was limited to 20, wore the old German costume . This earned them the name black . According to Gerhard Kurz, this uniform costume should symbolize equality , the color black the secret, the sinister and threatening and probably also remind of the robe color of the Protestant pastors .
Her motto was "loyalty and love until death" and "God, freedom, fatherland" . As a secret sign of the covenant was the acronym MHBG ( "At the heart of M uth, despite under H uth, the sword B Lutheran, makes everything G ut").
Due to disputes with the Gießen Seniors' Convent at the beginning of the winter semester 1815/16 , the connection was renamed the German Education and Friendship Association , then abandoned the connection form in 1816 and finally went under with the demagogue persecution . Some members came together again in the Christian-German fraternity ( " Ehrenspiegelburschenschaft " ).
A circle of “blacks” also formed in Darmstadt.
Known members
- Reinhard Eigenbrodt (1799–1866), lawyer and politician, Minister of the Interior in the March government of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- August Emmerling (1797–1867), Grand Ducal Hessian civil servant and politician, judge and MP in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, member of the Frankfurt National Assembly and the Erfurt Union Parliament
- August Adolf Follen (1794–1855), writer and publisher
- Karl Follen (1796–1840), writer
- Friedrich Ludwig Klipstein (1799–1862), Hessian judge and member of the state parliament, president of the 2nd chamber of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- Friedrich Münch (1799–1881), German-American pastor, winemaker, politician and writer, member of the Missouri Senate
- Joseph Heinrich Franz Freiherr von Münch-Bellinghausen (1801–1861), Hessian judge and member of the 1st Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- Christian Sartorius (1796–1872), writer and sugar manufacturer
- Friedrich Eduard Schulz (1799–1829), philosopher and orientalist
- Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz (1797–1860), officer and publicist, member of the Frankfurt National Assembly, participant in the Hambach Festival
- Friedrich Karl Simon (1798–1881), member of the Hessian state parliament
- Georg Thudichum (1794–1873), philologist and theologian, director of the high school in Büdingen, member of the Second Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- Ludwig Thudichum (1798–1863), member of the Hessian state parliament
Membership directory :
- Paul Wentzcke : Fraternity lists. Second volume: Hans Schneider and Georg Lehnert: Gießen - The Gießen Burschenschaft 1814 to 1936. Görlitz 1942, B. Germania or Germanenbund.
literature
- Hans-Georg Balder: The German fraternities. Their representation in individual chronicles. Hilden 2005, p. 157.
- Norbert Gissel: “Anti-Semitism in the early gymnastics movement? Discussed using the example of the Giessen blacks. ”(Pdf) In: Writings of the German Association for Sports Science , Volume 137. Hamburg 2003. pp. 49–54.
- Herman Haupt : Karl Follen and the Giessen Blacks: Contributions to the history of the political secret societies and the constitutional development of the old fraternity in the years 1815–1819 . Töpelmann, 1907.
- Gerhard Kurz: “One Alley for Freedom.” Traces of the “Blacks from Giessen” in Büchner's “Dantons Tod”. In: Spiegel der Forschung · No. 2/2012, University of Gießen 2012, pp. 28–34. ( Online as a .pdf document )
- Paul Wentzcke : Fraternity lists. Second volume: Hans Schneider and Georg Lehnert: Gießen - The Gießen Burschenschaft 1814 to 1936 . Görlitz 1942, pp. 30–31.
- Jürgen Setter: Small history of connections in Giessen , Verlag Friesland, Sande , 1983, p. 30ff ISBN 978-3980077309