Gypsweed Carnation Owl

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Gypsweed Carnation Owl
Hadena irregularis.jpg

Gypsum Carnation Owl ( Hadena irregularis )

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Noctuoidea
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Hadeninae
Genre : Hadena
Type : Gypsweed Carnation Owl
Scientific name
Hadena irregularis
( Hufnagel , 1766)

The Gipskraut-Carnation Owl ( Hadena irregularis ) or Gipskraut-Capsuleeule is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae).

features

The wingspan of the moth is 25 to 29 millimeters. The color of the fore wings varies from sulfur yellow to ocher brown. Kidney and ring flaws stand out clearly, are lightly filled and partly covered with a brownish dust inside. The middle field is darkened, wavy and cross lines strongly jagged and distinctive, while the fringing field stands out in a light pale yellow. The outer edge is drawn alternately brown and whitish. The hind wings are ocher-colored or gray-brown, outwardly darker and show a thin, brown center line and an indistinct central spot.

Yellow-gray colored specimens predominate among the caterpillars . They have brownish side and back lines and darker angular spots open to the front on the back. The red-brown doll has two short, mutually curved tips on the Kremaster .

Similar species

The gypsum carnation owl is similar to the allopatric sister species Hadena aberrans (Eversmann, 1856), which is only found in East Asia and has a slightly darker basic color. However, since the habitats of both species do not overlap, their geographical occurrence is the clearest distinguishing feature.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The occurrence of the species extends from the Spanish Pyrenees in an easterly direction through Central Europe (with the exception of western France) to Siberia . The southern border runs along the French Mediterranean coast, the Southern Alps, across the northern Balkan Peninsula to the Black Sea (roughly at the level of northern Bulgaria). From there it extends further along the northern coast of the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea . In the north, the distribution limit stretches from the southern Netherlands across northern Germany to the German Baltic coast. To the north of it there are local and isolated occurrences in England and Sweden . The distribution limit extends along the Baltic Sea coast to Latvia and the area around St. Petersburg and further across Russia to the Middle Ural Mountains. In the Alps it occurs up to an altitude of about 1500 meters. The gypsum carnation owl can be found in xerothermal habitats, predominantly on gypsum or limestone soils, and prefers steppe areas, warm slopes and dry sandy grasslands.

Way of life

The moths are partly nocturnal, but also suckle on the flowers of the forage plants during the day. They also visit artificial light sources and have a long flight time from April to August. An incomplete second generation flies in the southern valleys of the Alps in August and September. The caterpillars live mostly from July to August. They feed mainly on the flowers and seed pods of ear-spoon catchweed ( Silene otites ) or tufted gypsum herb ( Gypsophila fastigiata ). The species overwinters as a pupa. This often lasts for several years.

Danger

The gypsum carnation owl is extremely rare in Germany, in some federal states it is considered extinct or lost and is classified in category 1 (threatened with extinction) on the Red List of Endangered Species .

swell

literature

  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 7, Nachtfalter V. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3500-0
  • Hermann Hacker, László Ronkay & Márton Hreblay: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 4, Hadeninae I, Entomological Press, Søro 2002, ISBN 87-89430-07-7

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Hermann Hacker, László Ronkay & Márton Hreblay: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 4, Hadeninae I, Entomological Press, Søro 2002, ISBN 87-89430-07-7
  2. ↑ a b c Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  3. ^ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 7, Nachtfalter V. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3500-0
  4. ↑ A. Ju. Matov, AV Bezborodkin and OV Valerskiy: New and rare species of owlet moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae sl) from Sankt-Petersburg and the Leningrad area. Eversmannia, 3-4: 77-90, Rostov / Don 2005 PDF .
  5. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9

Web links

Commons : Gipskraut-Carnation Owl  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files