Ear spoon catchfly

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Ear spoon catchfly
Silene otites 2002-05-11 Radobyl CZ.jpg

Ear spoon catchfly ( Silene otites )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Sileneae
Genre : Glue herbs ( Silene )
Type : Ear spoon catchfly
Scientific name
Silene otites
( L. ) Wibel

The ear spoon-campion ( Silene otites ) is a plant from the genus of Silene ( Silene ) within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

The ear spoon catchwort grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. The stem has short hairs and is sticky glandular in the upper area. The leaves are arranged in basal rosettes. The simple leaf blade is 2 to 8 inches long and spatulate-lanceolate.

The ear-spoon-catchfly is dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ), male specimens are said to be more common than female ones. The raceme or spike inflorescence contains many flowers. The flower stalk is bare. The unisexual flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The bald calyx is 4 to 6 mm long and five-toothed. The five simple petals are 3 to 4 mm long and yellow-green. There are three free styles, but no secondary crown. The capsule fruit is 3.5 to 6 mm long, egg-shaped and six-toothed.

The flowering period extends from May to October, mainly from June to July.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

ecology

The ear spoon is a rosette plant. The flowers, which are fragrant at night, act as pollinators and attract small butterflies and mosquitoes .

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the ear-spoon-catchweed extends from Italy, France and Denmark through Eastern Europe to Central Asia. It has its distribution limit in Central Europe.

The ear spoon- catcher needs stony, shallow loam or sand soils that should be humus, loose and rather dry. It needs warmth and is therefore mainly found in areas where the summers are relatively warm and dry, but even there it is very rare. It inhabits dry grasslands , dry sand areas and stony slopes in the lowlands east of the Elbe, in the low mountain ranges and in dry areas of the central alpine valleys. In Central Europe it is a character species of the order Festucetalia valesiacae, but also occurs in societies of the associations Koelerio-Phleion, Xerobromion or on coastal dunes of the association Koelerion glaucae.

In Austria the ear-spoon catchweed occurs scattered in the Pannonian area , in the rest of the area seldom occurs on dry grassland in the colline to submontane altitude range . The demarcation and distribution of the two occurring subspecies Silene otites subsp. otites and subsp. hungarica has not yet been adequately researched. The occurrences extend to the federal states of Vienna , Burgenland , Lower Austria and probably Styria . In Austria the ear-spoon catchweed is considered endangered, in the northern foothills of the Alps and in the alpine area as endangered.

Systematics

Several subspecies can be distinguished:

  • Silene otites (L.) Wibel subsp. otites
  • Silene otites subsp. baldaccii (Rohlena) Zi. Pavletić : It occurs in the area of ​​the former Yugoslavia.
  • Silene otites subsp. hungarica Wrigley : It occurs in Italy, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and possibly also in Austria.

photos

  • Habit and leaves

  • Inflorescence of a male individual

  • Open flower of a male individual: next to the fertile stamens, a sterile, evolutionarily regressed ovary is recognizable

  • Inflorescence of a female individual

  • Fruiting (female) individual

  • Capsule fruits with seeds

  • Seeds

  • illustration

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3312-1 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Ear spoon catchfly. In: FloraWeb.de.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 363.
  2. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 335 .
  3. ↑ a b c Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Silene otites In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Ear Spoon campion ( Silene otites )  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files