Gisi Fleischmann

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Gizela Fleischmannová , b. Fischer, also Gisela, ( January 21, 1892 in Bratislava (Pressburg), Austria-Hungary - October 18, 1944 in Auschwitz concentration camp ) was a Slovak women's rights activist and resistance fighter against National Socialism . She became known under the short name Gisi Fleischmann .

Gizela Fleischmannová

Life

The stumbling block for Gizela Fleischmannová was laid on August 9, 2015 in front of her former home in Klariská 333/7 in Bratislava.

Gizela Fischer grew up as the oldest of three children in an Orthodox Jewish family. Her parents were Julius Fischer (1866-1936), also called Yehuda, and Jetty Elinger (1871-1945). They ran a hotel and a kosher restaurant in Pressburg. She had two brothers: Desider-David (1894 – presumably 1973), who became a pediatrician, and Geza, also Gershon or Gustav (1896–1939), who became a lawyer.

As a young woman, she joined the Zionist movement . In 1915 she married the businessman Josef Fleischmann (1886–1942), with whom she had two daughters: Alice (1917–1996) and Judith (1920–1997). She became a leading official of the Slovak Zionist women's movement as President of the Slovak section of the Women's International Zionist Organization (WIZO). From 1933, people stranded in Czechoslovakia who had fled Germany because of racist persecution, but who actually wanted to emigrate to Palestine. As a member of the Central Committee of Jews in Bratislava, Gisi Fleischmann took over the Ústredňa Židov's emigration department . In 1939 she traveled to London to see Henry Bunbery to organize opportunities for the Aliyah .

In 1941 she became the central coordinator in the network of the Hechaluz of Nathan Schwalb and Saly Mayer with the aim of protecting the Slovak Jews from deportation and enabling them to escape from the Nazi-controlled European countries.

After initial hesitation and after 80,000 Slovak Jews had already been deported to the General Government in Poland, which was occupied by the Germans, she supported Rabbi Michael Dov Weissmandel's negotiating plan of the Pracovná Skupina , who wanted to try to advance the 20,000 Jews who remained in Slovakia through monetary payments from deportation. With the support of the Jewish Agency , she and her fellow combatants of the Slovak Jewish Council succeeded in bringing several hundred children who had already been deported back from Poland and brought them to safety.

During the raids after the Slovak national uprising , she was arrested on September 28, 1944 and initially deported to the Sereď labor camp. Because she refused to betray others, she was deported to Auschwitz in October 1944 with the Gestapo note “ return undesirable ” and murdered there immediately upon arrival.

Quote: "I stay to help."

literature

  • Joan Campion: In the Lion's Mouth: Gisi Fleischmann & the Jewish Fight for Survival. Lanham 1987, ISBN 0-59500153-X .
  • Joan Campion: Gisi Fleischmann and the Jewish fight for survival. Miami 1983-
  • Peter Heumos: The emigration from Czechoslovakia to Western Europe and the Middle East 1938–1945. Oldenbourg Published by München / Wien
  • Jirmejahu Oskar Neumann : Gisi Fleischmann. The story of a fighter. WIZO (Women's International Zionist Organization) Tel Aviv 1970.
  • Yirmeyahu Oskar Neumann: In the shadow of death. A factual report on the fateful struggle of the Slovak Jews. Tel-Aviv 1956.
  • Yehuda Bauer : Rudolf Vrba and the Auschwitz Protocols. A reply to John S. Conway ; In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 45-2 (1997), pp. 297–308.
  • Yehuda Bauer: American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1945: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-45 ; 1981 ISBN 0814316727 .
  • Yehuda Bauer: Rethinking the Holocaust. 2002 ISBN 0300093004 .
  • Yehuda Bauer: “Onkel Saly” - the negotiations of Saly Mayer to save the Jews 1944/45 (pdf, 5.9 MB) In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 25 (1977), pp. 188–219.
  • Yehuda Bauer: The dark side of history - the Shoah in a historical perspective. Interpretations and re-interpretations. Jewish publisher im Suhrkamp Verlag: Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3633541705 .
  • Saul Friedländer : The Years of Annihilation 1939–1945. Beck-Verlag: Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54966-7 .
  • Ladislav Lipscher: The Jews in the Slovak State 1939-1945 ( Židia v slovenskom štáte ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-486-48661-6 .
  • Aron Grünhut: The time of the catastrophe of Slovak Jewry - the rise and fall of the Jews of Pressburg. Tel-Aviv 1972.
  • Katarína Hradská: Gizi Fleischmannova: návrat nežiaduci . Bratislava: Marenčin PT, 2012
  • Dalia Ofer & Lenore J. Weitzman (Eds.): Women in the Holocaust. New Haven 1998, ISBN 0-300-07354-2 .
  • Gila Fatran: " Gisi Fleischmann 1982-1944 ". In: Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia, Jewish Women's Archive , 2009, accessed May 7, 2016.
  • Denisa Nešťáková. Gisi Fleischmann - przywódczyni Żydów na Słowacji podczas II wojnyświatowej. In. Elity i przedstawiciele społeczności żydowskiej podczas II wojny światowej. Warszawa, (2017), pages 473-489.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the Central Database of the Names of Holocaust Victims at the Yad Vashem Memorial
  2. ^ Entry in the Central Database of the Names of Holocaust Victims at the Yad Vashem Memorial
  3. ^ Yad Vashem : The Fischer Family , Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. In: Stay Together, The Fate of Jewish Families in 1944, accessed May 7, 2016.
  4. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated November 20, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / science.orf.at
personal data
SURNAME Fleischmann, Gisi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fischer, Gisela; Fischer, Gizela (maiden name); Fleischmannová, Gizela
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Slovak suffragette and resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH January 21, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Bratislava
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1944
Place of death Auschwitz