Jirmejahu Oskar Neumann

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Jirmejahu Oskar Neumann , mostly just Oskar Neumann , (born October 3, 1894 in Brüx , Bohemia , Austria-Hungary ; died April 26, 1981 in Moschaw Be'er Tuvia , Israel ) was a Czechoslovak-Israeli Jewish journalist and German-language writer.

Life

Oskar Neumann came from assimilated West Bohemian Judaism and grew up in the German culture. He studied law in Prague and Vienna and received his doctorate in Vienna in 1922.

He came to Bratislava in 1920 and worked as an employee of the Slovak sugar cartel. In 1928 he went into journalism and became editor and editor of the "Jewish People's Newspaper" in Bratislava. He was a member of the Jewish Party of Czechoslovakia. In 1931 he made a trip to Eretz Israel as a supporter of Zionism . Through his work in the Czechoslovak organization of the Zionist Jewish National Fund , he was able to hold the Zionist organizations of Slovakia together and to run them illegally after the German occupation of the Czech part of Czechoslovakia in 1939 . This became necessary when it was banned in 1940 . In 1941 he became a member of the management of the forced organization "Judenzentrale der Slovakia". When the German occupiers demanded that the Jews in Slovakia elect a Jewish elder, he was appointed to do so.

The illegal work of the Jewish organization ran parallel to the official work, in which it was initially at least partially successful in finding a shelter for Jews who had fled to Slovakia from other areas of German rule, such as Poland and the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , or illegally onward travel to Hungary occupy territory of Slovakia or to organize to Hungary as long as the persecution of the Jews had not started there. Only a small proportion of the Slovak Jews could be saved from the deportations that began in 1942 to the concentration camps established in the General Government.

In the fall of 1944 Neumann was imprisoned in the concentration camp in Sereď and from there transferred to the Theresienstadt ghetto , where he was liberated in 1945.

After the war he was elected chairman of the Histadrut of Czechoslovakia . In 1946 he emigrated to Palestine and became an official in the administration of the State of Israel . He took the name Jirmejahu Oskar Neumann. As a pensioner, he died in 1981 in Kibbutz Be'er Tuvia.

He published his first volume of poetry in 1924. He also wrote short stories and a play. His last book publication of a poetic work comes from the year 1935. After he was claimed by the Nazi and Slovak persecution of Jews, he published an autobiographical work in Israel about the time of National Socialism in Slovakia in 1956 and in 1970 a biography of the 1944 deported and murdered companion Gisi Fleischmann .

Works (selection)

  • Gisi Fleischmann: the story of a fighter . Tel-Aviv: Department f. Organization and education of the Wizo world executive , 1970
  • In the shadow of death: a factual report on the fateful struggle of Slovak Jewry . Tel-Aviv: Ed. Olamenu, 1956
  • God's gypsies: new verses . Bratislava: Eos-Verl. , 1935
  • Journey to the east: impressions of an Erez Israel journey . Mukačevo: Nekudah-Verl., 1933
  • Red Pearls: New Verses . Mukačevo: Nekudah-Verl., 1931
  • Escape from Time: New Verses Bratislava: CF Wigand-Verlag, 1929
  • From the book of eternity . Bratislava: S. Steiner Verlag, 1926
  • Between two darks: chants . Bratislava: S. Steiner, 1924
  • Ruth: a human game . Dramatic poem. Bratislava: S. Steiner, 1923

literature

  • Adolpho F. Blendinger: Handbook of Austrian Literature 1815 - 1945: 365 German-speaking authors; 340 factory reviews; a literary compendium . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2012, p. 229, ISBN 978-3-8260-4772-5 .
  • Hans Giebisch ; Gustav Gugitz: Bio-bibliographical literature lexicon of Austria: from the beginnings to the present . Hollinek, Vienna 1964, p. 278
  • Lemma: Neumann, Oskar. In: Deutsche biographische Enzyklopädie , Volume 7, Munich: Saur 2007, p. 425
  • Lemma: Neumann, Oskar Jirmejahu. In: Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 2: J-R. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 979.
  • Jürgen Serke : Bohemian Villages: Walks through a deserted literary landscape . Zsolnay, Vienna / Hamburg 1987, p. 430 f, ISBN 3-552-03926-0 .
  • Ladislav Lipscher: The Jews in the Slovak State 1939-1945 (original title: Židia v slovenskom štáte ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-486-48661-6 .
  • Katarína Hradská: Život v Bratislave 1939-1945 . Albert Marenčin Vydavateľstvo PT, Bratislava 2006, ISBN 80-89218-30-X

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Oskar Neumann: Im Schatten , 1956, p. 11
  2. ↑ This dissertation is being conducted at WorldCat: On the participation of the parliament in the sale of state assets . Inaugural diss. Heidelb. Berlin 1917. With curriculum vitae.
  3. ↑ Jürgen Serke does not specify which of the many Jewish parties in the ČSR Neumann belonged, possibly the strongest of these parties under the name "Jewish Party of Czechoslovakia"
  4. ↑ Dr. Oskar (Yirmiyahu) Neumann , at Yad Vashem
personal data
SURNAME Neumann, Jirmejahu Oskar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Neumann, Oskar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czechoslovak-Israeli Jewish journalist and German-language writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 3, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Brüx , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH April 26, 1981
Place of death Moshav Be'er Tuvia, Israel