Glaive
| Glaive | |
|---|---|
| Information | |
| Weapon type: | Polearm |
| Designations: | Gläve, Gleve, Couteau de breche, Fouchard |
| Use: | Weapon of war |
| Creation time: | around 14th century |
| Working time: | around 14. – 20. Century |
| Region of origin / author: |
Italy |
| Distribution: | Europe |
| Overall length: | about 240-300 cm |
| Handle: | Wood, leather |
| Particularities: | different shapes, equipment and blade sizes |
| Lists on the subject | |
The Glefe (also Gläfe or Gleve ), also Fauchard / Fouchard and couteau de breche , is a polearm with a striking or chopping blade in the shape of a knife, pallasch or malchus with a convex edge on a 2.40 to 3 meter long pole. It is similar to the Kuse . On the back of the blade, later also on both sides of a stabbing blade, there is often a spur for breaking armor ( see also: Heraldic glaive, as the shape of the lily ). From the weapon, the name rubbed off on a small unit of warriors.
history
The glaive was used as a weapon of war, especially in the 15th century, and in the 16th to the 18th century it was used as a badge of rank for the satellite at royal courts and the bodyguard of the Doge of Venice . Heraldic decorations on the blade such as coats of arms or seals often provide clues as to the chronological classification of a glaive . The glefe of the court guard at the court of Emperor Ferdinand I was provided with the emperor's monogram on both sides . Below the imperial crown are the coat of arms of the Habsburgs as well as Bohemia and Hungary , wrapped by the Order of the Golden Fleece . The glaive was preserved at the Bavarian court and at the Hungarian Crown Guard until the 20th century.
Further meaning
The name Glefe was transferred from the weapon to a military unit. A glaive or lance was ten feet long . The width of a man was assumed to be two shoes, from which the number five for the group was calculated. The number of glaives, however, fluctuated or changed over time. A soldier with a lance, a rider with a lance or a spear, a group of four or five men as well as armed riders of a group of four or five were regarded as a glaive according to the rules of war . To combat the Hussites , the House of Württemberg was supposed to strengthen the Imperial Army with twenty glaives, "the glaive to five sticks and seven horses ."
As early as the 14th century, the Strasbourg order book number 19, which was created around 1363, regulated how the placement of 102 glazes was distributed among the city's patricians and craftsmen. There a glaive usually consisted of three people.
In the knighthood, a distinction was made between "glazing" and so-called "single horse". Usually four to five riders belonged to a glaive here: the glaive, two noblemen and the squire who carried the glaive (also known as a lance or a spear). During an army expedition, the knight sat on a smaller horse called "Telder" until the battle. His real warhorse led to his right one on a Klepper horseback Page. Before the battle, the knight changed horses and left the Telder in the care of the page, who stayed away from the fighting. The glaive was later supplemented by a rifleman - a farmhand with a crossbow . A knight who could only bring a servant or page was called a "one horse". Two single horses were equated to a glaive.
See also
literature
- Jan Sach: Illustrated lexicon of cutting and stabbing weapons. Nebel-Verlag, Erlangen 1999, ISBN 3-86070-792-2 .
- Wendelin Boheim: Handbook of the armory . Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden, ISBN 3-921695-95-3 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann W. von Bourscheid: Emperor Leo the Philosopher's Strategy and Tactics. Second volume, Vienna 1777, page 119, limited preview in Google Book search, accessed on February 17, 2010.
- ^ Johann Christoph Strodtmann: Correspondence of the German antiquities. Wolfenbüttel 1755, page 164, limited preview in Google Book search, accessed on February 17, 2010.
- ^ Karl Pfaff: History of Wirtenberg. Volume 1, Reutlingen and Leipzig 1819, page 84, limited preview in Google Book Search, accessed on February 17, 2010.
- ^ FJ Mone (ed.): Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. Sixth Volume, Karlsruhe 1855, page 54, limited preview in Google Book Search, accessed on February 17, 2010
- ^ Johann Sporschil: The history of the Germans from the oldest times up to our days. Second volume, Regensburg 1859, page 598, limited preview in Google Book Search, accessed on February 17, 2010.