Gliocladium

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Gliocladium
Gliocladium virens, now known as Trichoderma virens

Gliocladium virens , than today virens Trichoderma out

Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae
Family : Crustball relatives (Hypocreaceae)
Genre : Trichoderma
Genre : Gliocladium
Scientific name
Gliocladium
Corda , 1840

Gliocladium is a genus of sac fungi from the family of the crustball relatives .

description

Gliocladium styles are mito sporische , filamentous fungi. They rarely bring about a sexual stage. Most pathogenic , i.e. disease-causing fungi, like Gliocladium, are mitosporic. Gliocladium species grow thread-like as elongated tubes.

Most Gliocladium species grow rapidly in culture, producing spreading colonies with a suede-like or downy texture. A Petri dish is completely colonized within a week. The colonies are off-white at first, but can turn pink or salmon in color as they age and light to dark green as they produce spores.

Gliocladium TYPES produce hyphae , conidiophores and conidia , applied to hyaline phialides are formed. The conidiophores stand upright and dense and have a brush-like structure that produce tapering, slimy phialides. The fungi can also form conidiophores that branch and are vertically oriented, similar to species in the genera Verticillium , Trichoderma, and Penicillium . The conidia are unicellular and cylindrical. They are arranged in slimy droplets at the tip of the phialides, which often converge over the entire tip of the conidiophores. This is in contrast to the dry conidia that sprout from the permanent chains of the Penicillium species.

Ecology and diffusion

A pathogenic potential is ascribed to the species of the genus Gliocladium , although there are generally no observations of diseases caused in animals or humans. G. (now Trichoderma ) deliquescens produces a poison called gliotoxin, which is a metabolic product. However, nothing is known about its significance.

Gliocladium species occur worldwide in soil and in dead organic matter (plant remains). Some Gliocladium species parasitize other fungi. The genus Gliocladium has been classified as an overall RG-1 organism, a classification for species with little to no risk to individuals or groups of humans. The status was established by the American Biological Safety Association based on criteria from the Classification of Infective Microorganisms by Risk Group .

Taxonomy

Several species originally assigned to the genus, including Gliocladium virens , have recently been assigned to the genus Trichoderma ; G. roseum was with Clonostachys rosea f. rosea from the family Bionectriaceae .

The type species was the widespread Gliocladium penicilloides , which is now classified in the genus Sphaerostilbella .

species

Species fungorum currently (July 2018) lists the following species remaining in the genus:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ ACJ Corda: Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum , volume 4.JG Calve, Prague 1840, p. 53.
  2. ↑ a b Mitosporic Fungi - MeSH - NCBI . Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c Gliocladium Species . doctorfungus.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 2, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.doctorfungus.org
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Gliocladium . In: Mycology Online . University of Adelaide. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  5. ^ ABSA - Risk Group Classification for Infectious Agents . The Association for Biosafety and Biosecurity. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  6. ↑ Gliocladium virens . In: Mycobank . Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  7. ↑ Gliocladium Corda, Icon. fung. (Prague) 4:30 (1840) . In: Index Fungorum . Accessed September 12, 2019: "Record Details"
  8. ↑ Search by name Gliocladium . In: Index Fungorum . Retrieved September 12, 2019.