Verticillium

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Verticillium
Culture of Verticillium theobromae

Culture of Verticillium theobromae

Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae
Order : Glomerellales
Family : Plectosphaerellaceae
Genre : Verticillium
Scientific name
Verticillium
Nees (1816)

Verticillium is a genus of sac fungi within the Plectosphaerellaceae family. They are anamorphic . The genus combines various groups of saprobionts as well as parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, molluscs and other fungi. The genus is therefore only characterized on the basis of simple, imprecisely defined features.

Well-known species of the genus Verticillium are V. dahliae , V. albo-atrum and V. longisporum , which cause so-called Verticillium wilt in more than 400 dicotyledonous plant species.

Taxonomy

The type species is Verticillium dahliae Kleb. (1913).

Systematics

51 species were assigned to the genus, which can be roughly divided into three ecologically different groups: myco- pathogens , entomo-pathogens and plant pathogens and saprobionts related to them. However, the genus has recently undergone a revision in which most of the entomo- and myco-pathogens were placed in the new genus Lecanicillium . The nematode pathogens were assigned to the new genus Pochonia . Only the phytopathogens V. dahliae , V. longisporum , V. albo-atrum , V. nubilum and V. tricorpus remained in the genus Verticillium .

An accepted scientific name for Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas is now Lecanicillium lecanii , although some of the isolates could also belong to L. attenuatum , L. longisporum , L. muscarium, or L. nodulosum .

Selected species

Sunflower infected with Verticillium dahliae
Conidiophores of Verticillium
  • Verticillium dahliae adhesive.
  • Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold - causes Verticillium or maple wilt. The species was first identified on potatoes in Germany in 1870 . It also affects more than 300 other horticultural or agricultural plant species and can survive as a saprobiont for more than 15 years in the soil. When ornamental trees such as maples , elms , aspen , ash , beech , trumpet trees , oaks or others are attacked, the first symptom is midsummer wilt on one side of the tree or branch. The sapwood gets greenish or brownish stripes. The infection of the entire tree can progress quickly or over several years. The fungus generally uses the xylem as a route of transport. For fruit trees the disease as "black heart" or "black core" is ( English black heart ) widely known and apricots; it occurs occasionally on almond, peach, plum, and avocado trees. V. albo-atrum also infects herbaceous ornamentals and garden plants such as chrysanthemums , mints , pechers , tomatoes , eggplants , okra, and rhubarb , causing wilt and death. It can be identified by the appearance of unicellular conidia , which are hyaline and round to elliptical in shape and are located at the tips of spirally twisted growths. The conidia are easy to separate from the outgrowths.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Verticillium Nees, Syst. Pilze (Würzburg): 57 (1816) [1816-17 ] . In: Index Fungorum . Accessed September 4, 2019: "Record Details"
  2. ↑ PM Kirk, PF Cannon, DW Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi , 10th edition, CABI, Wallingford 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 .
  3. ^ R. Zare, W. Gams: A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostate . III. Generic classification . In: Nova Hedwigia . 72, No. 3-4, 2001, pp. 329-337.
  4. ↑ DJ Barbara, E. Clewes: Plant pathogenic Verticillium species: how many of them are there? . In: Molecular Plant Pathology . 4, No. 4, 2003, pp. 297-305. doi : 10.1046 / j.1364-3703.2003.00172.x .
  5. ^ R. Zare, W. Gams: A revision of Verticillium section Prostrata. IV. The genera Lecanicillium and Simplicillium gen. Nov. . In: Nova Hedwigia . 73, No. 1/2, 2001, pp. 1-50.
  6. ^ R. Zare, W. Gams, HC Evans: A revision of Verticillium section Prostrata. V. The genus Pochonia, with notes on Rotiferophthora . In: Nova Hedwigia . 73, No. 1/2, 2001, pp. 51-58.
  7. ↑ Mark S. Goettel, Masanori Koike, Jeong Jun Kim, Daigo Aiuchi, Ryoji Shinya, Jacques Brodeur: Potential of Lecanicillium spp. for management of insects, nematodes and plant diseases . In: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology . 98, No. 3, July 2008, pp. 256-261.
  8. ↑ Verticillium wilt: devastating fungal disease . Pot sistemak. Retrieved September 5, 2019.

Other sources

  • DH Phillips, DA Burdekin: Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees . Macmillan, 1992, ISBN 978-0-333-49493-6 .

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