Lecanicillium lecanii

Lecanicillium lecanii
Hyphae on the nymph of Phenacoccus fraxinus (1A) Initial stage of infestation (1B) Hyphae surround the entire body. (1C) Hyphae (Hy) penetrate the wax filaments (3000 ×, bars = 10 μm). (1D) Hyphae (Hy) penetrate the moist wax (4000 ×, bars = 1 μm). (1E) The intersegmental folds are affected by conidia (Co) and hyphae (Hy) (5000 ×, bars = 1 μm). (1F) Spores scattered around the hyphae (Hy) (2000 ×, bars = 10 μm).
Systematics
Class : Sordariomycetes Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae Order : Glomerellales Family : Core club relatives (Cordycipitaceae) Genre : Lecanicillium Type : Lecanicillium lecanii
Scientific name
Lecanicillium lecanii
Zare & W. Gams (2001)

Lecanicillium lecanii is a type of sac fungus from the Cordycipitaceae family . The species is a pathogen for various insect species and has been found on all continents except Africa and Antarctica.

description

In culture, Lecanicillium lecanii forms colonies with a diameter of 15… 25 millimeters on a potato dextrose agar , which are reached after ten days at 24 ° C. They are rather compact and yellowish-white with a dark yellow back. Of phialides relatively short ellipsoidal be conidia formed which 11 ... 20 (... 30) x 1.4 ... 1.8 microns measured and aculeat (spiny), and are strong cone-shaped. They arise individually or in whorls of up to six on protruding hyphae or on short, more or less erect conidiophores; occasionally they are also formed secondarily on earlier phialides. The conidia are grouped in heads that are at the tip of the phialides. The optimum temperature for growth is 21 ... 24 ° C, above 33 ° C there is no more growth.

Taxonomy

Lecanicillium lecanii is the accepted scientific name of an entomopathogenic (insect infesting) fungus, formerly widely known as Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas, but now considered an anamorphic of the Cordyceps genus . The isolates of fungi previously classified as V. lecanii could also belong to the species Lecanicillium attenuatum , L. longisporum , L. muscarium or L. nodulosum . For example, B. the study by Kouvelis et al. (2004) on mitochondrial DNA on L. muscarium .

L. lecanii itself seems primarily a pathogen weichhäutiger insects ( soft scales to be).

Synonyms

The following synonyms are known:

• Akanthomyces lecanii (Zimm.) Spatafora, Kepler & B. Shrestha
• Cephalosporium coccorum Petch
• Cephalosporium coccorum var. Coccorum Petch, 1925
• Cephalosporium coccorum var. Uredinis UPSingh & Pavgi
• Cephalosporium dipterigenum Petch
• Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm.
• Cephalosporium lecanii f. coccorum (Petch) Balazy
• Cephalosporium lecanii f. lecanii Zimm., 1898
• Cephalosporium subclavatum Petch
• Cordyceps confragosa (Mains) GHSung, JMSung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
• Sporotrichum lichenicola Berk. & Broome
• Torrubiella confragosa Mains, 1949
• Verticillium coccorum (Petch) Westerd.
• Verticillium lecanii (room) Viégas

use

Insects are infected by Lecanicillium lecanii when they come into contact with the sticky fungal spores , which then germinate and invade the body, consuming the internal organs, ultimately leading to the death of the hosts. In horticulture and agriculture , primary isolates of " V. lecanii " were used to research and produce preparations for the control of whiteflies , fringed winged insects and aphids . Biopesticides based on Lecanicillium styles are under the names 'MYCOTAL' ( L. muscarium ) and 'Vertalec' ( L. longisporum ) in trade. Other products based on these mushrooms are available for use in cash crops , oilseeds , soybeans , ornamental plants and vegetables .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lecanicillium lecanii (mycoparasite of aphids, whitefly and Puccinia spp.) . In: Invasive Species Compendium . CABI. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
2. ↑ Rasoul Zare: Lecanicillium lecanii . Retrieved September 6, 2019.
3. ^ R. Zare, W. Gams: A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostate . III. Generic classification . In: Nova Hedwigia . 72, No. 3-4, 2001, pp. 329-337.
4. ↑ Mark S. Goettel, Masanori Koike, Jeong Jun Kim, Daigo Aiuchi, Ryoji Shinya, Jacques Brodeur: Potential of Lecanicillium spp. for management of insects, nematodes and plant diseases . In: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology . 98, No. 3, July 2008, pp. 256-261.
5. ↑ VN Kouvelisa, DV Ghikasa, MA Typas: The analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Lecanicillium muscarium (synonym Verticillium lecanii) suggests a minimum common gene organization in mtDNAs of Sordariomycetes: phylogenetic implications . In: Fungal Genetics and Biology . 41, 2004, pp. 930-940.
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Akanthomyces lecanii (Zimm.) Spatafora, Kepler & B. Shrestha . In: Index Fungorum . Retrieved on September 6, 2019: "GSD Species Synonymy"
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) Zare & W.Gams . In: GBIF Taxonomy Backbone . Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved September 6, 2019.
8. ↑ PA Shah: Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents . In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . 61, No. 5-6, June 2003, pp. 413-423.
9. ↑ Michael Brown Bridge: Prospects for Mycopathogens in thrips management . In: Thrips Biology and Management .
10. ^ RA Hall: Epizootic potential for aphids of different isolates of the fungus, Verticillium lecanii . In: Entomophaga . 29, No. 3, September 1984, pp. 311-321.
11. ↑ P. KANAGARATNAM, RA HALL, HD BURGES: Control of glasshouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, by an 'aphid' strain of the fungus Verticillium lecanii . In: Ann. Appl. Biol . April 1982.
12. ↑ RA HALL, HD BURGES: Control of aphids in glass houses with the fungus, Verticillium lecanii . In: Ann. Appl. Biol . December 1979.
13. ^ LG Copping (ed.): The Manual of Biocontrol Agents , 4th edition, British Crop Production Council (BCPC), Farnham, Surrey UK 2009, p. 851.

Web links

• Photos of the fungus on different species of insects