Golden spotted fern
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| Golden spotted fern | ||||||||||||
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Golden potted fern as a houseplant |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phlebodium aureum | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) J.Sm. |
The Phlebodium Aureum ( Phlebodium aureum ) is a species within the family of polypodiaceae (Polypodiaceae). It is common in the Neotropics .
description
The golden potted fern is a perennial herbaceous plant with a creeping rhizome . Sterile and fertile fronds look almost the same. They are pinnate, the feathers are entire. The fronds can reach a length of up to 130 cm and a width of up to 50 cm. The number of feathers is between one (very young plants) and up to about 35. The fronds are bare, have no scales, and the veins end free. The fronds and young stems are green and more or less blue frosted. With older stems their color changes increasingly to brown, whereby their blue tires remain. The stems are slightly hairy. The inconspicuous hairs stand individually on the stems and do not form closed hairs. The fronds and stems are hardly malleable. After exceeding the yield strength quite done suddenly their demolition . The sori are large, round and without a veil. They stand on the underside of the fronds. With white light, e.g. B. Illuminated directly in daylight, the Sori appear golden brown, which is reflected in the German name of the plant. The spores are spread by the wind. The rhizome creeps up and just below the substrate surface and branches out more and more as the plant ages. Individual shoot axes can overcome substrate-free areas in order to gain access to new, suitable substrate. In addition to soil, suitable substrates are also moss-overgrown areas on trees and stones, so that the plant can also thrive epiphytically or lithophytically . The individual shoot axes have a diameter of 8 to 15 mm, more rarely up to 30 mm. The aboveground parts of the rhizome are completely insisted. At the tips of the vegetation the hair is colored light brown to almost white. A green shimmer under the hair indicates the beginning of a new frond. With increasing age of the rhizome piece, the color of the hairs becomes darker and darker. Upon contact with a suitable substrate, roots will sprout out of the shoot axes at the points in contact with the substrate.
distribution
The golden spotted fern Phlebodium aureum is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of North , Central and South America. The northern limit of distribution is in the US state Florida and the southernmost part of Georgia . The southern limit of distribution is in Brazil and Paraguay . The golden spotted fern is considered an invasive plant in Hawaii because it has spread rapidly since 1910. The lack of frost resistance and the need for sufficiently moist locations limit the possible range of the plant.
Ingredients and toxicity
The golden potted fern is a poisonous plant , as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from it if the plant material is damaged . The cyanogenic glycoside Vicianin is contained in the gold dot fern. By means of a vicianin-β-glucosidase ( EC 3.2.1.119 ), the sugar component ( vicianose ) is first hydrolytically split off, releasing mandelonitrile . HCN is then released under the action of a lyase ( EC 4.1.2.10 ). There are numerous poisonous plants whose toxicity is due to this property - they are grouped together as cyanogenic plants .
use
The golden spotted fern is used as a houseplant . Compared to other ferns kept as houseplant, the plant is relatively easy to care for. Propagation occurs through rhizome division, but sometimes also independently through spores that have found their way into pots of other houseplants.
photos
epiphytic living plant
Rhizome with tip of vegetation and fronds (stem visible)
frond
Sori, the "gold puddles" on the underside of the frond
Sorus (length approx. 2 mm)
Vicianin is a cyanogenic glycoside contained in the golden dot fern
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Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Phlebodium aureum US National Plant Germplasm System, accessed on September 10, 2018 (English).