Golf airline
The term Gulf Airlines covers airlines based in countries on the Persian Gulf . Since the founding of Emirates , Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways in particular, the three airports Dubai , Doha and Abu Dhabi have developed into hubs and competitors to airlines that have been established in Europe, North America and Asia. Especially on the routes from Europe to East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia as well as from North America to Asia, new and often attractive offers for air travelers have been added. They are characterized in some cases by better on-board service and lower ticket prices.
As a result of the offer by the Gulf Airlines, the capacities offered, especially by the major aviation groups Lufthansa , IAG and Air France-KLM in Europe, as well as by Singapore Airlines , Thai Airways and Malaysia Airlines in Asia between the two continents, have been significantly reduced. The Gulf airlines, on the other hand, have seen significant growth over the past two decades. In the meantime, the battle for passengers has also spread to North America.
In recent years, German Lufthansa has had to permanently delete around 20 destinations in the Middle and Far East from its offer due to tougher competition in the direction of Asia, including Karachi , Tashkent , Hyderabad , Calcutta , Busan , Guangzhou , Jakarta , Manila , Kuala Lumpur , Denpasar , Abu Dhabi .
For some time now, Istanbul with Turkish Airlines and Addis Abbeba with Ethiopian Airlines have also established themselves near the Gulf Airlines hubs .
history
The Persian Gulf states have in search of business models as a replacement for the likely medium to long term declining promotion of fossil fuels (oil, gas), among others, to establish new aviation hubs decided together with the operation of their own airlines.
politics
The rapid development of the Gulf airlines with a new hub function has also brought politics into the home countries of affected competing airlines. Above all, when drafting intergovernmental aviation agreements or defining common competitive conditions (often under the keyword "level playing field"), attempts are made to delimit the markets on the one hand, but also to harmonize the conditions.
European airlines often cite a difficult market access , for example through:
- unequal market opportunities
- unequal workers' rights
- Suspicion of subsidies from golf airlines and
- possible dependence on aviation authorities in the Persian Gulf
The Gulf Airlines themselves have so far rejected or not confirmed these points.
The Qatar blockade in 2017 caused less growth for the Gulf airlines. Qatar Airways in particular recorded heavy losses.
Airlines
The Gulf airlines are largely dominated by the three big ones. In addition, include in Bahrain yet Gulf Air , the Dubai Flydubai and Oman have Oman Air active.
Emirates is the only one on the list of the largest airlines in the world .
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.welt.de/reise/article109652775/Golf-Airlines-draengen-auf-den-deutschen-Markt.html
- ↑ https://www.n-tv.de/wirtschaft/Emirates-streicht-Fluege-in-die-USA-article19800835.html
- ↑ https://m.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-146047964.html
- ↑ https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article165771617/Die-ploetzliche-Schwaeche-der-verwoehnten-Scheich-Airlines.html