Siebenbründl

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Siebenbründl seen from the west
Location map of the protected objects
  • Natural monument "Siebenbründl wetlands"
  • Find zone "Near the Seven Brünndeln"
  • Find zone "Ließfeld"
  • Iron Age burial ground (rough location)
  • Siebenbründl or At the Seven Bründln (also: Brünndeln or Brünndln ) is a field name for an area between the St. Pölten districts of Ratzersdorf and Pottenbrunn in the area of ​​the St. Pölten Nord junction of the S 33 expressway . In addition to the Siebenbründl natural monument and the Pottenbrunn Iron Age burial ground, there are several suspected archaeological areas; the areas partially overlap.

    While the natural monument has only existed since 1993, Iron Age graves from the late Hallstatt and earlier Latène times were uncovered in several excavation periods from 1930 , the necropolis contained 42 grave structures with 45 burials, including three double occupations.

    Excavation history and protection

    Grave finds from 1930 and the construction of the Krems expressway  (S33) prompted the Federal Monuments Office under the direction of Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer to carry out extensive excavations in 1981 and 1982 .

    The grave field was in the Steinfeld corridor on a gravel tongue on the right bank of the Traisen river valley, more precisely on the properties 1581/2, 1581/3, 1918/2, 1608/3 and 1608/4 of the cadastral community Pottenbrunn. After the excavations were completed, part of the St. Pölten-Nord junction and the St. Pölten-Pottenbrunn road maintenance depot were built in the area. Directly adjacent, not yet excavated areas are listed as ground monuments ( discovery zone “Bei den Sieben Brünndeln” (Pottenbrunn) , discovery zone “Bei den Sieben Brünndeln” (Ratzersdorf) ). On the high terrace of the adjoining Wagram there is also the protected suspected area of discovery in Ließfeld .

    The natural monument was acquired by the city of St. Pölten in 1993 and has been cared for by volunteers since 1998.

    Archaeological site

    The burials twelve cremations were found, two of cremations in urns and ten fire beds; the rest are body burials . Several grave sites are apparently only later combined by a single or double grave enclosure made of stones, even simple cult buildings with (intentionally?) Deformed weapon parts were discovered above the grave sites. There were subsequent depositions and subsequent burials, which can be distinguished from the predatory excavations that were also present.

    Two Hallstatt period graves in the south of the area are the oldest documented finds so far, after which a time pause may have followed. The "new" grave sites can already be assigned to the Latène period, which is represented here in the entire range of styles. The youngest grave can be dated from the Middle Latène period using a fibula . The gender distribution shows a spatial separation between women's burials in the north of the area and men's graves in the east. The remaining areas are not covered uniformly. Whether a social hierarchy can be derived from this cannot yet be said with certainty.

    The grave goods suggest that people from the Traisental area with a high social status were buried in Pottenbrunn, for example a cult functionary who was interpreted as a "proto" druid lies in grave 520. Craftsmen's graves - a profession that was highly regarded in the Iron Age - and some warrior graves (swords) also reinforce this. Based on the additions and the environment, a flourishing economic situation and social stability at the end of the springtime period can be ascertained, among other things through changing stylistic features that originate from today's areas of the Czech Republic, Hungary and western Central Europe.

    Grave 48 is a craftsman's grave with tools that are suitable for either wood, leather or metal processing, plus a clay vessel with a palmette frieze , ceramics in the Waldalgesheim style , and iron and bronze vessels. A sword scabbard mouthplate was found in grave 562 , showing the transition from Waldalgesheim to the eastern sword style. In grave 54 a hollow metal bead was found on a braided wire chain, which documents a high level of craftsmanship.

    A woman's grave (No. 1003) on the northeastern edge of the area is characterized by a lack of ceramics, but arm and ankle bracelets with stamped ends as well as inner and outer decorative hatching. Such decorations are often found in northern Switzerland to northern Bavaria and the Czech Republic.

    A ceramic vessel was found in one of the graves with a stamp, as can be found in other sites in Lower Austria / West Hungary, namely the Mannersdorf , Neunkirchen and Sopron-Krautacker burial grounds .

    Siebenbründl wet biotope

    The natural monument wet biotope “Siebenbründl”  ( No. P-039 ) has an area of ​​about 4.2 hectares and consists of several springs that quickly flow together to form a stream. This brook drains over the Saubach into the Traisen . It provides a habitat a Kalktuffquelle is, the water has quality class I .

    In the protected area there are stocks of orchids ( broad-leaved cinquefoil , large two-leaf ), carnation , cotton grass and panicle sedge . Pollard willows, gray alder , bird cherry , hawthorn , dogwood and privet can be found on the river banks . Of the endangered species, five plants are endangered and another three plants are endangered .

    The natural monument serves as a habitat for over 30 documented bird species, such as goldhammer , girlitz , blackcap , chiffchaff , blue tit , sparrowhawk and kestrel .

    literature

    archeology
    • Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer : The Cemetery near St. Pölten. In: Catalog “The Celts” , Venice 1991, p. 296 f.
    • Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer: The Celts in Eastern Austria. Scientific publication series No. 92/93/94, St. Pölten / Vienna 1992.
    • Neugebauer / Ramsl: The biritual necropolis of Pottenbrunn from the early La Tène period. Writings of the Bernisches Historisches Museum, Bern 1998, pp. 255 ff.
    • Peter C. Ramsl: Inzersdorf-Walpersdorf. Study of late Hallstatt / Latène period settlement in the Traisental, Lower Austria. Find reports from Austria Materialhefte A 6, Vienna 1998.
    • Peter C. Ramsl: The Iron Age burial ground of Pottenbrunn. Research approaches to the economic foundations and social structures of the Latène Age population of the Traisental, Lower Austria. Find reports from Austria Materialhefte A 11, Vienna 2002.
    • Ramsl / Herdits: Technotypological investigations on iron objects in the Latène Age burial ground of Pottenbrunn, Lower Austria. Archeology of Austria No. 9/2, Vienna 1998, p. 59 ff.
    • Susanne Sievers , Otto Helmut Urban , Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A – K, LZ . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1522 f.
    • Christoph Blesl: Witnesses of the past - archeology in the Lower Traisental - from the Stone Ages to the foundation of the Herzogenburg Abbey in the Middle Ages . 2012, Berger publishing house. ISSN 1993-1271

    Web links

    Commons : Siebenbründl  - collection of images, videos and audio files
    archeology
    Natural monument

    Individual evidence

    1. Siebenbründl Natural Monument ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / noe-naturschutzbund.at archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Homepage of the Naturschutzbund Lower Austria (noe-naturschutzbund.at).
    2. Illustration of the grave goods from grave 520 in: Sievers, Urban, Ramsl: Lexikon zur Keltischen Aräologie . A-K, LZ , p. 453.
    3. Peter C. Ramsl: A scabbard mouth plate in the eastern sword style from grave 562 in Pottenbrunn. Archeology of Austria No. 9/2, Vienna 1998, p. 54 ff.
    4. Illustration from grave 54 in: Sievers / Urban / Ramsl: Lexikon zur Keltischen Aräologie . A-K, LZ , p. 1524.
    5. Alexander Bauer: Mapping and evaluation of the Siebenbründl spring course in Pottenbrunn (City of St. Pölten). Master thesis, Vienna 2016. Chapter 4.2.1. Rarity Endangerment (Red List Species) , pp. 37–40 ( Abstract , boku.ac.at).
    6. Siebenbründl natural monument. Homepage of the city of St. Pölten (st-poelten.gv.at): Leisure and culture .

    Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 45 ″  N , 15 ° 41 ′ 2 ″  E