Cotton grasses

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Cotton grasses
Scheuchzer's cotton-grass (Eriophorum scheuchzeri)

Scheuchzer's cotton-grass ( Eriophorum scheuchzeri )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Cotton grasses
Scientific name
Eriophorum
L.

Cottongrasses ( Eriophorum ) are a genus of plants within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). The species predominantly colonize bog sites . The long flower covering threads of the fruits form the characteristic white to orange-colored wool of the cotton grasses. The aspect-defining “cotton balls” do not show the plants, as is commonly assumed, in their blooming, but in their already fruiting state.

description

The Eriophorum species grow as herbaceous plants with heights of 10 to 60 centimeters, especially in raised bogs or swamps . Their inflorescences consist of one or more multi-flowered spikelets and form a typical white to orange-colored wool tuft.

Systematics

The genus Eriophorum was established by Carl von Linné in 1753 . Synonyms for Eriophorum L. are Linagrostis Guett. , Plumaria Heist. ex Fabr. , Leucoma Ehrh. , Eriophoropsis Palla , Plumaria Bubani .

The generic name Eriophorum is derived from the Greek words érion for wool and phoréein for wear. The genus Eriophorum belongs to the tribe Scirpeae in the subfamily Cyperoideae within the family Cyperaceae .

The genus Eriophorum includes around 15 species with numerous subspecies and varieties that are widespread in the temperate to subarctic areas of the northern hemisphere:

  • Narrow-leaved cottongrass ( Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. ): The three subspecies are widespread from the temperate to the subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America.
  • Eriophorum brachyantherum Trautv. & CAMey. : It is common in the subarctic of the northern hemisphere.
  • Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex CAMey. : It is widespread from Siberia to Canada.
  • Eriophorum chamissonis C.A.Mey. : It is widespread in the subarctic and North America.
  • Slender cotton grass ( Eriophorum gracile Koch in AWRoth ): It is widespread in the northern hemisphere and occurs, for example, in Central Europe.
  • Eriophorum humile Turcz. : It is widespread from Siberia to Central Asia.
  • Broad-leaved cottongrass ( Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe ): It is widespread from Europe, including Central Europe, to the Caucasus.
  • Eriophorum scabriculme (Beetle) Raymond : Home is Vietnam.
  • Scheuchzer's cotton grass ( Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe ): The wide distribution area in the northern hemisphere extends from Europe, also in Central Europe, to the Himalayas as well as Mongolia and North America.
  • Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. : It is widespread in Canada and the USA.
  • Eriophorum tolmatchevii M.S. Novos. : It is spread from Siberia to Russia's Far East.
  • Eriophorum transiens Raymond : It is only known from the type material from the Chinese province of Guizhou .
  • Scabbard cottongrass ( Eriophorum vaginatum L. ): It is widespread in the subarctic and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere and occurs, for example, in Central Europe.
  • Eriophorum virginicum L .: It is widespread in Canada and the USA.
  • Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald : It is common in subarctic North America and the USA.

There are some nature hybrids :

  • Eriophorum × beringianum Raymond = Eriophorum angustifolium × Eriophorum chamissonis
  • Eriophorum × fellowsii (Fernald) MSNovos. = Eriophorum virginicum × Eriophorum viridicarinatum
  • Eriophorum × gracilifolium M.S. Novos. = Eriophorum gracile × Eriophorum latifolium
  • Eriophorum × medium Andersson = Eriophorum chamissonis × Eriophorum Scheuchzeri
  • Eriophorum × polystachiovaginatum Beauverd = Eriophorum angustifolium × Eriophorum vaginatum
  • Eriophorum × pylaieanum Raymond = Eriophorum chamissonis × Eriophorum vaginatum
  • Eriophorum × rousseauanum Raymond = Eriophorum angustifolium × Eriophorum Scheuchzeri .

The following are no longer included in this category:

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for cotton grass : Bäuseli ( Bern ), wild cotton, cotton grass, Bensenseide, Bettfedern ( Augsburg ), Binsenseide ( Silesia ), Binsenwatte (Silesia), Büsseli (Bern), Chüngali (St. Gallen) ), Dremocksbläder ( Ammerland ), dung grass, feather rushes (Silesia), feathers (Augsburg), flax grass (Silesia), Gaisbärtli ( Lucerne ), Gaisbart ( Austria ), Gaiszöggali ( St. Gallen near Sargans ), Hundshaar (Austria), Jewish feather ( Silesia), calico rushes, Kofleesch (Oldenburg), old maids (Silesia), mat flax, mat wool, moor silk (Silesia), moss feathers ( Pinzgau , Salzburg ), moss fluff (Pinzgau, Salzburg), Püsk ( Unterweser ), Püsken (Unterweser), Püskegras ( Ostfriesland , Unterweser), Quispelbinsen (Silesia), Quisselbeeren ( Oker , Nordharz ), sedge (Lucerne, Bern), Riedschütz (St. Gallen near Obertoggenburg ), silk rush ( Aargau ), meadow flax (Silesia), meadow wool, Wiskenflast (Unterweser) , W ollblumen ( Eifel ) Cottongrass ( Silesia), Wullagras (St. Gallen near Werdenberg ), Wullblom ( Altmark ) and Wullgras ( Mecklenburg , Unterweser).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Eriophorum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Eriophorum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  3. ↑ See "Quisselbeerental" at Oker
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 144 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Cottongrasses  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files