Green fiber rough head
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Green-fibered Rough Head ( Cortinarius venetus ) |
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| ( Fr .: Fr.) Fr. |
The green-fiber rough head ( Cortinarius venetus ) is a leaf fungus from the family of the veil relatives (Cortinariaceae). The medium-sized grouse has a dry, velvety felt-like to finely-scaled hat that is greenish to olive-brown in color. The mycorrhizal fungus grows predominantly in beech forests, but there is also a coniferous forest form. The fruit bodies appear gregarious to almost clumpy growing from August to October. The veil may be poisonous, but it is definitely not edible. Other names for this Schleierling are Grüner Raukopf and Grüner Buchenwald-Raukopf , the variety montanus is also called Green-fibered Nadelwald-Raukopf .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–6 (8) cm wide, initially almost hemispherical, then arched to spread out and sometimes flatly hunched. When young, the surface is finely scaly and yellow-green to olive-brown in color. The middle of the hat is sometimes a little darker. The dry skin of the hat is dull and tears into coarse-felt scales with age or is completely bare. The edge of the hat remains rolled up for a long time, bent down or protrudes briefly.
The lamellae are bulging and grown yellow to olive green when young. With age, they turn olive to cinnamon brown from the spore dust. The edges are whole to finely wavy and notched and usually a little lighter in color. The spore powder is rusty brown.
The cylindrical stem is 4–8 cm long and 1.5–3 cm wide. It is also olive yellow to olive brown in color. Its base can be widened to a more or less club-like shape or thickened with a branch. But it is never rounded or bulbous. In old age, the stalk, which is striped along its length, is hollow. The velum often forms an olive-yellow, belt-shaped zone or is flaky on the stem.
The smell of the flesh, which is pale green when young and olive-yellow with age, is weak or almost absent, but smells somewhat radish-like when freshly cut. According to Moser, the meat tastes bitter, metallic and makes the tongue and the palate furry. Lye discolor the hat skin first red-brown then black-brown.
Microscopic features
The round to slightly elongated spores measure (5.5) 6.5–8 × (4.5) 5.5–6.5 μm. They are yellow-brown in color and warty to very warty.
The four-pore basidia are 28–35 μm long and 6.5–7 μm wide. On the lamellar cutting edge one usually finds cylindrical, club-shaped or almost bottle-shaped and only slightly protruding cheilocystids that are 20–35 (40) μm long and 5–12 μm wide.
The top layer of the hat consists of fairly loose, slightly subradially interwoven, 8–12 (15) μm thick hyphae with buckles on the septa . They are partially brownish encrusted , but always contain a greenish-yellow, intracellular pigment. The subcutis is hardly differentiated.
Species delimitation
A variety of this fungus lives in the montane coniferous forest. The mostly somewhat darker colored spruce companion is called Cortinarius venetus var. Montanus . He also has a dry hat that appears velvety-matt due to tiny, densely standing scales.
The larger olive-brown rough head ( Cortinarius cotoneus ) and the hornbeam skin head ( Cortinarius olivaceofuscus ) are similar , but have different microscopic features.
distribution
The predominantly boreal to montane fungus is distributed almost all over Europe, only from the Netherlands there is no evidence. In the south, its distribution area extends from Spain to Greece and Bulgaria in the southeast. In the north it is widespread throughout Fennoscandinavia . Its distribution area extends in Sweden to around the 65th parallel. The veil is also apparently widespread in Great Britain and on the Irish island, but there is little evidence. In the Alpine countries (Switzerland, Austria and Liechtenstein), however, the species seems to be quite common. In Germany, too, the veil can occur frequently in certain areas, but on the other hand it can be completely absent.
ecology
The fruiting bodies of the mycorrhizal fungus appear gregarious to clumpy growing from August to October (November) in deciduous forests, preferably in beeches. The montanus variety , on the other hand, grows in coniferous forests, especially spruce trees. The boreal to montane Raukopf grows mainly on limestone soils. In Austria, 32.5% of the records were found on calcareous soils, while only 14.9% were found on silicate soils. The highest location in Austria was between 1900 and 2000 m and in Switzerland at 2010 m above sea level.
Systematics
The Raukopf was first in 1818 by Elias Magnus Fries as Agaricus raphanoides var. Venetus described and in his work, Systema Mycologicum , 1821 sanctioned . In 1838 Fries placed the mushroom in the genus Cortinarius , so that it got its binomial , which is valid today . A homotypical synonym is Dermocybe veneta , as Adalbert Ricken placed the Raukopf in the genus Dermocybe in 1915 .
meaning
Like all rock heads, the green-fiber rocket is not an edible mushroom. It may even be poisonous.
Web links and sources
- Cortinarius venetus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved October 5, 2015 (in Italian, photos from the green-fiber Raukopf).
- Wolfgang Bachmeier: Green-fiber rough head (Cortinarius venetus). In: www.123pilze.de / pilzseite.de. Retrieved October 5, 2015 .
- Cortinarius venetus. In: Index Fungorum. Retrieved October 5, 2015 .
- Cortinarius venetus. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed October 5, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 164/6 .
- ↑ a b Karin Monday: Green-fibered Raukopf Cortinarius venetus In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015 .
- ^ M. Moser: Cortinarius Fr., subgenus Leprocybe subgen. nov., the roughheads. Preliminary studies for a monograph part 2 . In: Journal of Mushroom Science . tape 36 , no. 1-2 , 1970, pp. 37-56 ( dgfm-ev.de [PDF]).
- ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Cortinarius venetus. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; accessed on October 7, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279-282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF]).
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Cortinarius venetus. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Armin Mesic, Zdenko Tkalcec: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. II. Families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae and Hygrophoraceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 83 , 2002, pp. 453-502 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Cortinarius venetus. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Cortinarius venetus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015 ; accessed on October 7, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . tape 79 , 2001, p. 401-415 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ↑ a b Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The mushrooms of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 21 . Vaduz 2004 ( llv.li [PDF]). llv.li ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 (English, protectedareas.mk ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on October 7, 2015]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cortinarius venetus. Pilzoek database, accessed October 7, 2015 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Distribution Atlas of Fungi in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; accessed on December 13, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed December 13, 2015 .
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Observationes mycologicae . Ed .: sumptibus G. Bonnieri [Hauniae]. tape 2 , 1818, p. 76 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- ↑ Elias Magnus Fries: Systema Mycologicum . Volume I. Ex Officina Berlingiana., Lund & Greifswald 1821, p. XX (Latin, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 291 (Latin, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ↑ Adalbert Ricken : The agaric mushrooms (Agaricaceae) . Germany and the neighboring countries, especially Austria and Switzerland. Published by Theodor Oswald Weigel, Leipzig 1915, p. 162 , col. No. 85 ( bibdigital.rjb ).
