Shiny green jewel beetle

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Shiny green jewel beetle
Green, shiny splendor beetle on take-off

Green, shiny splendor beetle on take-off

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Family : Jewel beetle (Buprestidae)
Genre : Eurythyrea
Type : Shiny green jewel beetle
Scientific name
Eurythyrea austriaca
( Linnaeus , 1767)

The Green shiny gloss jewel beetle ( Eurythyrea austriaca ) is a beetle from the family of the jewel beetle . The genus Eurythyrea is represented in Europe with four species.

The rare species is classified as a jungle relic in the narrower sense . In Annex 1 to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance , Eurythyrea austriaca is listed both as a strictly protected beetle (Section 1.6.3.1) and as a specially protected beetle (Section 1.6.3.2). According to the current state of knowledge, the shiny green jewel beetle is considered to be extinct in Germany. The species is also listed as protected in the Tyrolean Nature Conservation Ordinance and in the Swiss Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection.

Notes on the name

The beetle was first described by Linné in 1767 under the name Buprestis austriaca . The description contains the sentence habitat in Austria ( Latin: lives in Austria). This explains the species name austriaca (Latin: Austrian).

The genus Eurythyrea is first published in the 1833 catalog of Dejean's beetle collection . The genus is not described there, but the list of species included in this genus is equated with an initial description. The name is from altgr. ευρύς, eurýs "broad" and Θυρεός, thyreós "shield" derived and refers to the broad label typical of the genus . Dejean had his collection processed by various coleopterologists . The name Serville, which is noted in the catalog after the genus name, means that the delimitation of the genus goes back to Serville .

The names Buprestis aurulenta are classified as synonyms after a description provided with a question mark by Rossi 1790, Buprestis inaurata after Gmelin 1788, and Buprestis marginata after autumn 1801. The latter description by Herbst referred to the male, which was captured much less often.

In connection with the names it should be mentioned that Eurythyrea austriaca Lacordaire 1835 is not the shiny green jewel beetle, but Eurythyrea quercus (autumn 1780).

Eurythyrea austriaca up1.jpg Eurythyrea austriaca under.jpg
Fig. 1: Top view ♀ Fig. 2: Bottom ♂
Eurythyrea austriaca front.jpg Eurythyrea austriaca up2.jpg
Fig. 3: Front view Fig. 4: Top view ♂
Eurythyrea austriaca side.jpg Eurythyrea austriaca detail.jpg
Fig. 5: side view Fig. 6: Label

Characteristics of the beetle

The beetle becomes fifteen to 23 millimeters long. It has the typical boat shape of the jewel beetle. He is bright green shiny, often colored blue on the sides of elytra he shimmers depending on the light usually coppery to purple. The abdominal segments are blue in the male and copper-colored in the female.

The head is rounded. It is strong and rather densely punctured. On the vertex it has a fine longitudinal furrow that ends in a triangular dimple. The eyes of the male are slightly more arched and closer to each other than that of the female. The eleven-part feelers are butt-sawn inwards from the fourth part. The upper lip is ciliate and slightly cut out at the front. The strong upper jaws are bent inwards and have a blunt tooth on the inside. The last two links of the four-link jaw probes are elongated, cylindrical to ovoid and of the same size. The end link of the tripartite lip probe is egg-shaped and cut off.

The pronotum is across convex. Compared to the head, it is scattered and more finely dotted. Behind the middle there are two diagonally positioned dimples on each side (Fig. 1), but they can also be missing (Fig. 4). There is usually a dimple in front of the label, but other impressions can also appear. In the males, the pronotum is less narrowed towards the front than in the females.

The label is not punctured, almost three times as wide as it is long and uneven (Fig. 6).

The elytra have rows of dots, the intervals form stripes that are scattered dotted. The intervals are flat, only slightly arched towards the end. In the male, the spaces between the inner stripes are more arched and less densely dotted. At the tip, the elytra are flat or slightly edged and weakly serrated on both sides.

The tarsi of the legs are all five-limbed. The last visible abdomen star is just truncated in the male and bluntly serrated on both sides. In the female it is somewhat elongated and truncated in a curved line that is concave in front of the center. It is also blunt-toothed on both sides.

biology

The species is found in old coniferous forests, especially on the trunks of fir trees . Females are preferably found on felled trees, even on peeled trunks. The males, on the other hand, are almost exclusively found at great heights on standing trees. The larvae develop into strong, old and ailing specimens. The species is counted to the guild of the old wood inhabitants and to the jungle relics in the narrower sense. This means that a high degree of continuity of the forest structure is a prerequisite for occurrence and that the species disappears in the cultivated forests of Central Europe. For Greece, find dates are given between mid-April to mid-August.

The beetles only exceptionally attack pines , usually firs , in Europe preferably white firs ( Abies alba ), in Algeria Numidian firs ( Abies numidica ).

distribution

The species is found in North Africa and most of Europe with the exception of Northern Europe, Portugal , the British Isles and the Benelux countries . It should be noted that these are often old messages. For example, it was stated for the distribution in 1916: In Switzerland in southern Ticino and around Zurich, in Germany around Hagenau, Strasbourg, Kolmar, further down the Rhine to the mouth of the Main, ... hiking up in the Main valley, ... also here and there in eastern southern Germany . The Beetle was reported from Bavaria in 1942. Today the species is considered to be extinct not only in Bavaria but in all of Germany.

literature

  • Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966). P. 216
  • Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 93
  • Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire . III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911, p. 184

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Systematics and distribution of the species Eurythyrea austriaca in Fauna Europaea, accessed on Jan. 24, 2017
  2. ↑ a b J. Müller et al. Jungle relict species. Saproxylic beetles indicating structural qualities and habitat tradition in Waldökologie online 2005 Issue 2, pp. 106–113 as 38-.011-.001
  3. ↑ a b Jürgen Trautner, Kirsten Kockelke, Heiner Lambrecht, Johannes Mayer: Protected species in planning and licensing procedures BoD - Books on Demand, 2006 ISBN 3833448040
  4. ↑ Tyrolean Nature Conservation Ordinance , Annex 6 [1]
  5. ↑ Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection (NHV) of January 16, 1991 (as of March 1, 2015). Annex 3.1 [2]
  6. ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae ... 1st volume, part 2, 12th edition, Stockholm 1767 p. 661, no. 9
  7. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
  8. ^ Dejean: Catalog des Coléoptères de la Collection de M. Le Comte Dejean Paris 1833 p. 78
  9. ↑ Yves Bousquet, Patrice Bouchard: The genera of the second catalog (1833 - 1836) of Dejean's Coleoptera collection ZooKeys 282: 1-219 (02 April 2013) [3]
  10. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
  11. ↑ Petrus Rossius: Fauna Etrusca: sistens insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrus Rossius in regio Pisano Athenaeo 1st volume, Libornum ( Livorno ) 1790 p. 186, no. 462
  12. ^ Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Volume 1, part 4, 13th edition, Leipzig 1788 p. 1939 No. 108 inaurata
  13. ↑ Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst: Natural system of all known domestic and foreign insects, as a continuation of von Büffon's natural history, the beetle ninth part . Berlin 1801 p. 130 in the Google book search
  14. ↑ a b Germar: The European species of the Bupresten genus Eurythyrea in Entomological newspaper of the Entomological Association Stettin, 6th year, No. 7, Stettin July 1845 Buprestis marginata Herbst is the male of Eurythyrea austriaca
  15. ↑ Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4 . P. 478
  16. ↑ Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition, p. 331
  17. ↑ WF Erichson et al .: Natural history of the insects of Germany Coleoptera fourth volume Berlin 1857 p. 59
  18. ↑ H.Mühle, P. Brandl, M. Niehuis: Catalogus Faunae Graeciae; Coleoptera: Buprestidae Printed in Germany by Georg Rößle Augsburg 2000
  19. ↑ Obenberger: Cataloguae raisonné des Buprestides de Bulgarie in communications from the royal. scientific institutes in Sofia - Bulgaria Volume VI, Sofia 1933 p. 72
  20. ↑ Albert Huber: The warmth-loving animal world in the area around Basel in Archive for Natural History Vol. 82, Issue 7 Berlin 1916 p. 58
  21. ↑ Ihssen: New and interesting insect finds from the fauna area of ​​southern Bavaria in communications from the Munich Entomological Society, Volume 32, Munich 1942 p. 715
  22. ↑ Red list of endangered “Diversicornia” Bavaria, category 0

Web links

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