Grass pea
Grass pea | ||||||||||||
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Grass pea ( Lathyrus nissolia ) |
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Lathyrus nissolia | ||||||||||||
L. |
The grass pea ( Lathyrus nissolia ) is a butterfly (Faboideae) of the genus Lathyrus . It blooms in May to July.
description
Habit and leaves
The annual herbaceous plant is usually completely bare and fresh green. The stem is simple and erect or branched at the base; it is 20 to 40 cm high, thin, and slightly square.
The foliage leaves are limited to the primary leaves , which are widened like a spade, and the semi-arrow-shaped to lanceolate, very small or even completely missing stipules . They never have leaves or tendrils. The primary leaves are linear, more or less 4 to 13 cm long and 2 to 8 mm wide, mostly pointed and show 5 strong and several fine longitudinal nerves. The stipules are very small or completely absent.
Flowers and fruits
The inflorescences are about 2/3 times as long as the primary leaves , single-flowered (rarely two-flowered) and have a thin axis that is not extended beyond the very small or completely stunted bract. The zygomorphic flower is more or less 8 to 9 mm long and stands on a short stem or nods at this. The calyx is tubular-bell-shaped, bald or with short hairs and has lanceolate teeth. The crown is purple to purple-purple and often remains completely closed. The flag is veined darker, significantly longer than the wings and the whitish boat .
The legumes are protruding or nodding, linear, about 4 to 5 cm long and 3 to 4 mm wide. They show weakly protruding, narrow mesh-forming network nerves and are initially mostly hairy and downy, later more or less bald, light olive-brown in color and eight to fifteen-seeded.
The seeds are spherical to slightly angular, warty-rough, brown and darkly spotted. The small flowers often do not open at all, but still produce ripe fruit. So you are autogamous to cloying . The seeds retain their ability to germinate for a very long time and can therefore rest in the forest floor for a long time until they have an opportunity to germinate after being cut down.
The species has chromosome number 2n = 14.
Distribution and location requirements endangerment
The grass pea occurs in the Mediterranean area, in North Africa, in Hungary, the Ukraine, in the Caucasus, in West Asia, north to France, southern England, the Netherlands and Germany. Lathyrus nissolia is a sub-Mediterranean-Mediterranean floral element that was originally probably a wood dweller and is only native to southern Europe as far as Hungary. In other areas it is naturalized in places or an arable weed that occurs only temporarily and thrives on relatively dry, lime-poor grain fields, arable land, bushes, forest meadows, pastures. In terms of plant sociology, it is mostly a Secalietea species in Central Europe, but also occurs in forest fringes, e.g. B. the Carpinion Association.
In Germany it occurs only very scattered and rarely and often inconsistent, especially in the central and southern part of Germany. In Bavaria it is rare and scattered, especially in the northern part, and is practically absent south of the Danube .
Endangerment in Germany: Category 2: endangered .
literature
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 1975, Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin and Hamburg, ISBN 3-489-70020-1
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrated flora. 1972, Paul Parey Publishing House, ISBN 3-489-68034-0
- Oskar Sebald, Seybold, Philippi: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. 1986, Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3
supporting documents
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition, page 620. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
Web links
- Lathyrus nissolia. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Grass pea . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Lathyrus nissolia L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )