Gray line dwarf tensioner
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_Satin_Wave_(Idaea_subsericeata)_(15002009297).jpg)
Gray line dwarf moth ( Idaea subsericeata ) |
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| Idaea subsericeata | ||||||||||||
| ( Haworth , 1809) |
The gray line dwarf spanner ( Idaea subsericeata ), also called olive-gray small spanner or olive-gray small spanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the spanner family (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 18 to 22 millimeters; subsequent generations (one year) are on average significantly smaller at 13 to 20 millimeters. The basic color is light white, e.g. Sometimes even glossy white to slightly brownish white. The transverse lines are gray or a little brownish. In total there are usually five transverse lines that are hardly wavy, but are slightly indented when they are clearly marked. Inner and outer transverse lines are usually clearly drawn, the central band is often a bit wider, but a bit faded. The two cross lines on the hem field are basically dark borders of the wavy line. The hem line is marked with dark points, which are often elongated in the direction of the hem edge or can be connected to one another by lines. But they can also be almost absent. Discal patches are mostly present, but often not very prominent or almost absent.
The oval egg has a depression in the middle of the upper end. The surface has small, shallow depressions. It is light yellow at first and later turns light orange with red spots.
The caterpillar is relatively slim, the diameter decreases a little towards the front end. It is whitish gray, gray, gray-brown or brown in color and has a slightly reddish back. The surface looks wrinkled and is covered with fine warts. The back line is relatively narrow, dark and lined with dark points. The side lines are yellowish white. The large head has a notch in the middle of the crown.
In the blackish brown to golden brown pupa , the wing veins are clearly visible on the greenish wing sheaths. It is nine millimeters long and measures 2.9 millimeters in diameter. The cremaster is about as long as it is wide and has four pairs of hook-shaped bristles.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is widespread in southern and western Europe including England, Ireland and southern Scotland. In Central Europe, however, there are only a few, e.g. Some isolated occurrences in west and south-west Germany, in Slovakia, Austria, Slovenia and Hungary. There are larger areas in which the species occurs on the Balkan Peninsula with two foothills as far as northern Romania. In the east, the distribution area extends over an isolated occurrence in the Crimea , north-east Turkey to the Caucasus and possibly to the Central Asian mountains. The evidence from these areas is z. Some of them are very old, have yet to be confirmed or have already proven to be incorrect determinations. Therefore the eastern border of the distribution is still uncertain. In the south, the species is native to all of the larger Mediterranean islands (except Malta) and the Greek Mediterranean islands to Cyprus, and from there along the southeast coast of Turkey to Israel. In North Africa there are two smaller isolated occurrences in Morocco and a larger occurrence from eastern Algeria to Tunisia. Other records in North Africa have proven to be incorrect determinations. In the northern part of the distribution area, the species occurs from sea level to about 600 meters above sea level. In the south it rises up to 1000 meters, in Turkey also up to 1900 meters.
The species loves warmth. It prefers warm slopes, sun-exposed forest edges and clearings, rows of hedges, dry grass, fallow fields, abandoned vineyards and dry salt marshes near the coast.
Phenology and way of life
The species usually trains two or three generations a year. In the southern Mediterranean and the Middle East, new generations can emerge throughout the year. In Western and Central Europe, two generations are formed whose moths fly from early May to late June and from late July to late September. The moths are mainly active at dusk. They are attracted by artificial light sources and can be baited.
The caterpillars live polyphagous on withered or moldy plant material from various herbaceous plants . Are proven, z. Sometimes only in breeding: Acker-Gauchheil ( Anagallis arvensis ), common chickweed ( Stellaria media ), plantain ( Plantago ), bird knotweed ( Polygonum aviculare ), dock ( Rumex ), plum ( Prunus domestica ), common goldenrod ( Solidago virgaurea ), garden lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) and common dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ). The breeding was proven to be successful with withered leaves of hawkweed ( Hieracium ), bird vetch ( Vicia cracca ), bedstraws ( Galium ), bellflowers ( Campanula ), beeches ( Fagus ) and petals of anise ( Pimpinella anisum ). The caterpillar overwinters.
Systematics
The species was first scientifically described in 1809 by Adrian Hardy Haworth under the name Phalaena subsericeata . Later descriptions were made under nine other names, all of which are younger synonyms .
Danger
The species is endangered in Germany (category 3). In North Rhine-Westphalia it is threatened with extinction (category 1). In Bavaria, on the other hand, the status in the latest version of the Red Lists has been changed from " extinct " (category 0) to "extremely rare species and species with geographical restrictions". In Baden-Württemberg the status “highly endangered” (category 2) was changed to “not endangered”.
The stocks are also decreasing significantly in England.
For Baden-Württemberg it is mentioned that the species is apparently spreading there.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Red Lists at science4you
- ↑ Jan Pactočka: The pupae of the tensioners (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Central Europe: subfamily Sterrhinae. Bonn zoological contributions, 51 (4): 269-296, Bonn 2002 ISSN 0006-7172 PDF ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (2.9 MB)
- ↑ Bavarian State Ministry for Environment and Health: Red List of Endangered Animals and Vascular Plants in Bavaria - short version ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Ebert et al., Pp. 188/9
- ↑ Kelvin F. Conrad, Martin S. Warren, Richard Fox, Mark S. Parsons, Ian P. Woiwod: Rapid declines of common, widespread British moths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis. Biological Conservation, 132: 279-291, Barking, Essex 2006 doi : 10.1016 / j.biocon.2006.04.020
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. In A. Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 87-88757-37-4
