Seleuș (Daneș)
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Seleuș Großalisch Nagyszőllős |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Transylvania | ||||
| Circle : | Mureș | ||||
| Municipality : | Daneș | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 15 ' N , 24 ° 42' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 340 m | ||||
| Residents : | 1,781 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 547202 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 65 | ||||
| License plate : | MS | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
Seleuș ( German Großalisch , såksesch Grus-Oëlesch , Hungarian Nagyszőllős, Keménynagyszőllős ) is a village in Transylvania in the Mureș County , Romania . It belongs to the municipality of Daneș (Dunesdorf) .
location
The place is located about in the middle of Transylvania in a northern side valley of the Târnava Mare (Great Kokel) , about eight kilometers as the crow flies west of the city of Schäßburg .
history
The establishment by German settlers ( Transylvanian Saxons ) is dated to the beginning of the 13th century. Like the surrounding villages, Großalisch was initially a subservient property on county soil . From a tradition of 1348 shows that the Abbey Kolosmonostor (in Cluj ) filed for a legal right to Grossalisch. This claim could not be enforced and expired. From then on, the place remained in the administrative area of the Schäßburg chair on Königsboden .
The first written mention from 1348 was under the name Scewlews . Other documents also contain the names Ewluesch (1393), Zewiws (1411), Ewlesch (1432), Halws (around 1500), Nagy-Zeuleus (1501), Ewiysz (1526), Gross-alysz (1532), Szölös ( 1661), Gross-Szölös (1804). At the time Transylvania belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary or Austria-Hungary , the Hungarian place name was Nagyszőllős or Keménynagyszőllős , from the time of belonging to Romania the official name was Seleușul Mare and today Seleuș .
- The church was completed in 1476. It is built in a Gothic style partly from stone and partly from brick.
- In 1488 Großalisch had 80 innkeepers, a mill, a desolate (vacant) house and three shepherds. This made it one of the medium-sized rural communities of the Schäßburg chair.
- A school building was first mentioned in a document around 1500.
- In 1503 the church was converted into a fortified church.
- In 1505 a major fire destroyed half of the houses and farm buildings.
- In 1554 the community was hit by a great cattle death.
- At the beginning of the 17th century, Großalisch suffered a great deal from armed conflicts. General Giorgio Basta , Moses Székely , Stephan Bocskai , Gabriel Báthory and the Wallachian voivode Michael fought for possession of the land and wreaked havoc. The number of innkeepers fell from 152 to 29 within one generation.
- In the middle of the 17th century the decisive battles raged between the Ottoman Empire and the West. In 1662, Prince Apafi, a favorite of the Ottomans, entrenched himself with his fighters and 4,000 Turkish warriors in Schäßburg against the counter-prince Johann Kemény appointed by Austria . At Großalisch the two armies clashed. During the battle, Prince Kemény fell from his horse and was killed, and the Kemény troops, which could not escape, were killed. Since the losers had no time to plunder and the Turks contented themselves with the booty of Kemény, the village got away with the horror. To commemorate the battle, a turret was erected on the battlefield - it is uncertain when. It was renovated in 1900 and, although weathered, still stands today.
- In 1754 the community built officers' quarters for the imperial occupation troops. In 1902 the building was renovated and turned into a village tavern. It was later converted into a Romanian school.
- In 1820 the church was renovated and extended with an extension, giving it its present form.
- In 1854, instead of the old school building, which had become too small, a new one with three classrooms and a teacher's apartment was built.
- In 1918 the First World War ended with 28 dead and missing from the community.
- During the Second World War, Großalisch had 80 dead and missing. In 1945, 139 German people were deported to Russia for forced labor, 89 of them women and 50 men. One woman and two men died during the deportation.
population
For several centuries the majority of the population consisted of Transylvanian Saxons . Only after the Second World War did they become a minority. After the revolution of 1989 , most of the residents of German descent emigrated. As a result, the population decreased significantly. Today the place is predominantly inhabited by Romanians and Roma (2002: 451).
| year | Residents | including Germans |
|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 1415 | 1104 |
| 1920 | 1618 | 1182 |
| 1930 | 1532 | 1095 |
| 1941 | 1648 | 1097 |
| 1966 | 1667 | 706 |
| 1977 | 1939 | 741 |
| 1992 | 1569 | 174 |
| 2002 | 1781 | 54 |
Attractions
- The historic Protestant church with a fortified church.
- The monument to Prince Johann Kemény and the fallen in the battle of 1662.
swell
- Gustav A. Schuller, Rudolf Nemenz: From the life of the community Groß-Alisch. Festschrift, published on the occasion of the holding of the annual meeting of the Schässburger Gustav-Adolf-Zweig-Verein and the inauguration of the newly built Protestant school in Groß-Alisch. W. Kraft, Sibiu 1903.
- Walter Myß (Ed.): The Transylvanian Saxons. Dictionary. History, culture, civilization, science, economy, living space Transylvania (Transylvania). License issue. Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2018-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ In some sources you can also find the spelling of the Hungarian place name with a simple 'l': Nagyszőlős , Keménynagyszőlős .
- ↑ The impoverished farmers, who had lost their cattle and therefore had to pull the plow themselves, called the human-drawn plow "Bastapflug" .
- ↑ Árpád E. Varga: Maros megye településeinek etnikai (anyanyelvi / nemzetiségi) adatai 1850-1992. (Online document) (PDF file; 1.14 MB).
Web links
