Big Bosian garden

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Ground plan of the Greater Bosian Garden around 1700

The Großbosischer Garten (also: Großbosescher Garten ) was the oldest of the famous baroque gardens in Leipzig .

location

Location of the Greater Bosian Garden. Detail from the city map of Leipzig from 1823

The garden was located in today's Seeburgviertel in the district of Zentrum-Südost , roughly between Johannisgasse, Talstrasse and Seeburgstrasse and Roßplatz . Its center corresponded roughly to the intersection of Nürnberger and Goldschmidtstrasse.

history

The Leipzig city ​​wall increasingly lost its military importance in the last quarter of the 17th century. Therefore - after approval by the Saxon Elector - the city councilors released the area in front of the city fortifications for building. Caspar Bose (1645–1700), whose family belonged to the patriciate and ran a flourishing “gold and silver trading company” , gradually enlarged a garden area belonging to the family in the Ostvorstadt (“ Vor dem Grimmaischen Thore ”) between 1680 and 1685 the Bettelgasse (Johannisgasse) and the Sand- and Ulrichgasse (Seeburgstrasse) with the aim of building a magnificent garden there. The merchant wanted to satisfy his need for representation and thereby initiated a development in Leipzig that led to the creation of around 30 magnificent baroque gardens, especially in the 18th century. When Caspar Bose's brother Georg also laid out a garden in the west in front of the city, the Bosian Garden became the Greater Bosian to distinguish it - possibly because of the garden area. In addition to Apple's garden , Richter's garden and the Kleinbosischer Garten , the Großbosischer Garten was one of the Baroque gardens known and admired far beyond the city limits.

Grossbosischer Garten with the tower of the Johanniskirche

Caspar Bose attended the French school in Leiden and made several educational trips through France, Italy and the Netherlands. On his travels he got to know the French horticultural art and subsequently conducted an intensive correspondence with well-known European scholars on gardening and plant breeding. In 1685 he commissioned the mathematician and architect Leonhard Christoph Sturm (1669–1719) to design a garden.

The Grand Bosian Garden found its final form in 1692 with a park, tree nursery , grapevines and a pleasure garden with fountains, fountains, animal enclosures, bird houses and ornate flower beds. Thanks to Caspar Bose's worldwide trade connections, exotic plants from all over the world grew and bloomed in his greenhouses . The centerpiece of the complex, however, was a large terraced orangery to which a main path with six statues by the Dresden sculptor Paul Heermann (1673-1732) led. Remarkable: The Bose family even had a commemorative medal minted when an American aloe bloomed in their garden in 1711 . No less aufsehenswert were the natural history collection , the Print Room , the Herbarium , the library - preserved in Bose's book collection of architecture - the collection of weapons and a concert and theater hall, where in the 1730s the theater company of Caroline Neuber (1697- 1760) played their pieces.

Concert in the Großbosischer Garten

In the summer house in the garden of the councilor Caspar Bose gathered companies and he invited dignitaries and prominent citizens of the city to events. He also allowed (at certain times) the “common man” and the city's many trade fair guests to visit the baroque garden, which was designed according to the French model. The Great Bosian Garden served August the Strong with its sophisticated architectural design, the diverse flora and the integration of social life into the ensemble as a model for the construction of the Dresden Zwinger .

After Caspar Bose's death (1700), his heirs enlarged and expanded the gardens. The gardener Elias Peine, who enjoys a very good reputation in the professional world and has been working in the Großbosischer Garten since 1684, continued to look after the complex. He drew the first garden plan and published German directories of the plant collections in the Großbosischer Garten. However, Bose's descendants were only able to finance the complex system until the middle of the 18th century. The complex finally fell into disrepair around 1800 and Johanna Eleonore Bose sold the last pieces of land of the once famous baroque complex in 1824.

The bookseller Carl August Reimer († 1858) used around 1835 the area as a kitchen garden and leased plots of many Leipzig families. In addition, the private theater "Thalia" of the Leipzig book printer was located on the site of the former Großbosischer Garten . Around 1843/44 Königsstrasse (since 1947 Goldschmidtstrasse), Lindenstrasse (since 2001 "An der Verfassungslinde" ), Rossstrasse (since 2001 Auguste-Schmidt-Strasse) and Bosenstrasse (since 1870 Nürnberger Strasse) were laid out and with the development of the site started. Nothing was left of the former baroque garden.

literature

  • Nadja Horsch, Simone Tübbecke (Ed.): Citizens. Gardens. Promenades - Leipzig garden culture in the 18th and 19th centuries. Passage Verlag, Leipzig 2018, ISBN 978-3-95415-072-4 , pp. 38–45.
  • Gertraute Lichtenberger (editor), Promenaden bey Leipzig , FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig, 1st edition 1990 / reprint "Promenaden bey Leipzig" , Leipzig 1781
  • Wolfgang Hocquél (editor), Leipzig , VEB EA Seemann Verlag Leipzig, 1983
  • Krausch, Heinz-Dieter; Wimmer, Clemens Alexander: On the importance of the Bose Garden in Leipzig for the introduction of plants. In: Zandera 15 (2000), pp. 1-14
  • Rüdiger, Birthe: The Bose Gardens in Leipzig in written sources and contemporary representations: a tribute to the 300th anniversary of the death of Georg and Caspar Bose. In: Die Gartenkunst 13 (2001), No. 1, pp. 130–156
  • Andreas Stephainski (editor), time travel - 1200 years of life in Leipzig , Leipziger Verlags- und Druckereigesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-9806625-4-3
  • Alberto Schwarz: Das Alte Leipzig - Stadtbild und Architektur , Beucha 2018, pp. 93 ff, ISBN 978-3-86729-226-9 .

Web links

Commons : Greater Bosian Garden  - collection of images

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gina Klank, Gernoth Griebsch: Encyclopedia Leipziger street names . Ed .: City Archives Leipzig. 1st edition. Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum Leipzig, Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3-930433-09-5 , p. 112 and 195 .
  2. ↑ "A flourishing, also fortified trading city" , this is how the engraver Matthäus Sutter praised the baroque Leipzig in 1720. From: Andreas Stephainski (editor), Time travel - 1200 years of life in Leipzig , Leipziger Verlags- und Druckereigesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Leipzig 2007, p. 101
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Hocquél doubts Storm's contribution to the design of the Greater Bosnian Garden. He assumes that both Caspar Bose and his brother Georg Heinrich realized their architectural ideas themselves. See: Wolfgang Hocquél, Leipzig - Builders and Buildings - From the Romanesque to the Present , Tourist Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig, 1990, ISBN 3-350-00333-8 , p. 252
  4. ↑ The plant friend Caspar Bose received z. B. from the Botanical Garden in Leiden Pelargoniums (Pelargonium alchemilloides, Pelargonium cucullatum, Pelargonium gibbosum). Paul Hermann, a Halle doctor and researcher and since 1680 director of the botanical garden in Leiden, brought the first pelargoniums from South Africa to Europe. See: Website of the Orangeries in Germany Association ( Memento from May 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Medal for a flowering aloe in the Greater Bosian Garden. In: City History Museum Leipzig. Retrieved January 8, 2020 . , with picture
  6. ↑ This volume is assigned to the then popular Pasquill literature and appeared anonymously. The language teacher, bookseller and antiquarian Friedrich Adolf Audemar Kritzinger (born November 16, 1726 in Leipzig; † July 13, 1793), who wrote many popular books on religious, medical and Leipzig topics in the language of the people, is considered to be the author.

Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 13 ″  N , 12 ° 23 ′ 4 ″  E