Leonhard Christoph Sturm

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Leonhard Christoph Sturm

Leonhard Christoph Sturm (born November 5, 1669 in Altdorf near Nuremberg ; † June 6, 1719 in Blankenburg ) was a German writer , architectural theorist and master builder.

Life

His parents were Johann Christoph Sturm , professor of mathematics and physics at the University of Altdorf , and his wife Barbara Johanna geb. Kessler . Until 1683 he attended the Heilsbronn Monastery high school . He then studied Protestant theology at the University of Altdorf and in 1688 received a master's degree in Artibus . On February 7, 1689 he received a teaching post in Jena , 1689/90 at the University of Leipzig . Then he was professor of mathematics at the Rudolph-Antoniana in Wolfenbüttel until 1702 , where he succeeded Johann Balthasar Lauterbach as a teacher of geometry, mathematics, civil and military architecture. In 1702 he received a professorship at the Brandenburg University of Frankfurt and became a foreign member of the Royal Prussian Society of Sciences .

During his time in Wolfenbüttel he was entrusted with several construction projects, including a. with the re-planning of the city of Calvörde, which was badly destroyed by fire in 1700 . There the baroque St. George's Church (completed in 1729), the rectory, the town hall and a school were largely rebuilt according to plans by Leonhard Christoph Sturm. On March 27, 1711, Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin hired him as building director. In this activity he was involved in the renovation of the ( Neustadt an der Elde Castle , unfinished), the building of the palace on Universitätsplatz in Rostock (1714), the Duke's ballroom in Hamburg (1711-1712, demolished in 1892) and the completion of the Jacob Reutz, begun in 1708, was entrusted to the Church of St. Nikolai on the Schelfe (Schelfkirche) in Schwerin. Sturm stayed in Mecklenburg until 1719, when Prince Ludwig Rudolph von Blankenburg , later Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, appointed him councilor and building director in May of that year, but he died on June 6, 1719. His son Georg Christoph Sturm (1698– 1763) was the first court architect in Brunswick .

Sturm achieved great importance above all with his systematically structured work on architectural theory, less through his work as a master builder. In addition to writings on theological and mathematical questions, he published around 40 works on topics of architecture and civil engineering. Sturm thus had a lasting influence on German architecture in the 18th century. His system is based on the teaching of his role model Nicolaus Goldmann , whose manuscript of a "Civil-Baukunst" he published in an annotated version for the first time from 1696 and then expanded and expanded it extensively with his own extensions. In the “Complete Instructions for Civil Bau-Kunst” (1696), Chapter 3, “of those who write books that dealt with the art of architecture”, quoted Goldmann / Sturm and others, based on Goldmann's manuscript. a. the works of Vitruvius , Leon Battista Alberti , Sebastiano Serlio , Andrea Palladio and Vincenzo Scamozzi . Also worth mentioning are his transfers of Augustin Charles Davilier's Civilbaukunst (1699) and (published posthumously in 1737) as well as several writings on fortress, mill and hydraulic engineering, in which he gained experience from two study trips to France (1699) and the Netherlands (1697) processed. His free transfer of “Der Wahre Vauban , or the French engineer improved by the Germans and Dutch” (1737) with explanations also appeared posthumously .

Fonts

Illustration of an ideal transverse church from the instructions on church building from 1718

Sturm's architectural theoretical work comprises around 40 writings, some of which appeared in multiple editions and translated into multiple languages ​​well into the 18th century.

  • His main work: Nikolaus Goldmann Complete instructions on Civil Bau-Kunst published by LC Sturm. Heinrich Keßler, Braunschweig 1699 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Architectural Covering of Protestant Small Churches Figure and Furniture , Hamburg 1712 urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10913306-9 .
  • Thorough instruction in hanging and trussing works. Schwerin 1713 ( books.google.de )
  • Complete instructions from great gentlemen's palaces. Augsburg 1718 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  • Complete instruction to invent all kinds of regular magnificent buildings according to certain rules. Augsburg 1716 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Complete instruction to indicate all types of churches well…. Augsburg 1718 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Complete mill architecture…. Augsburg 1718 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de )
  • Leonhard Christoph Sturms Complete Instructions To divide the arch positions according to the Civil Bau-Kunst in all cases , Augspurg 1718, ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Leonhard Christoph Storm's architectural travel notes made through a large part of Germany and the Netherlands to Paris…. Augsburg 1719 ( books.google.de ).

literature

  • Sturm (Leonhard Christoph). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 40, Leipzig 1744, column 1424-1427.
  • Paul Zimmermann :  Sturm, Leonhard Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 42-45.
  • Isolde Küster: Sturm, Leonhard Christoph . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 32 : Stephens – Theodotos . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1938, p. 254-257 .
  • Isolde Küster: Leonhard Christoph Sturm. Life and achievement in the field of civil architecture in theory and practice. Dissertation Berlin 1942.
  • Christian Schädlich : The basics of classical architectural theory, attempt to evaluate them using the writings of Leonhard Christoph Sturm (1669-1719). Dissertation Weimar 1957.
  • Erika Bosl: Sturm, Leonhard Christoph, architect, architectural theorist, mathematician and possible theologian. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 766 ( digitized version ).
  • Werner Ennenbach: Leonhard Christoph Sturm - professor of mathematics and architecture at the University of Frankfurt (Oder) 1702-1711 - as a museologist. In: Günther Haase (ed.): The Oder University Frankfurt. Contributions to their history. Weimar 1983, pp. 257-260.
  • Christian Schädlich: Leonhard Christoph Sturm. In: Great Builders. Volume 2, Berlin 1990, pp. 92-139.
  • Alfred Werner Maurer : The building history of the Saarbrücken castle and its research . In: Jürgen Karbach, Paul Thomes (Ed.): Contributions to the Stengel Symposium on the occasion of the 300th birthday of Friedrich Joachim Stengel on September 29/30, 1994 in the Saarbrücken Castle . (= Magazine for the history of the Saar region 43). Historical association for the Saar region, Saarbrücken 1995, pp. 177–217.
  • Alfred Werner Maurer: The artistic and historical influence of the architectural theoretical writings of Nicolaus Goldmann and Leonhard Christoph Sturm on the buildings of FJ Stengel. Philologus Verlag 2006 (not available in any German library).
  • Hermann Heckmann : Builder of the Baroque and Rococo in Mecklenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Hamburg. Verlag Bauwesen Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-345-00692-8 , pp. 31-49.
  • Claus Bernet :  Leonhard Christoph Sturm. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 19, Bautz, Nordhausen 2001, ISBN 3-88309-089-1 , Sp. 1349-1369.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Museum in Schloss Wolfenbüttel and the building history department of the TU Braunschweig (ed.): Hermann Korb (1656–1735) and his time, Baroque building in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Braunschweig 2006.
  • Simon Paulus: German architect trips. Between renaissance and modernity. Petersberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-86568-652-7 , pp. 53-59.
  • Matthias Franke: Leonhard Christoph Sturm. Between pietistic conviction and representation at the Berlin court , in: Werner Oechslin (Ed.): Architect and / versus Baumeister. The question about the profession, Zurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-85676-259-9 , pp. 142–151.
  • Kathrin Ellwardt:  Sturm, Leonhard Christoph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-428-11206-7 , pp. 652-654 ( digitized version ). (with partially outdated information)

Web links

Commons : Leonhard Christoph Sturm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The True Vauban, or the French engineer improved by the Germans and Dutch. Peter Conrad Monath, Nurnberg 1737 ( digital.blb-karlsruhe.de ).
personal data
SURNAME Sturm, Leonhard Christoph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sturm, Leonhard Christian; Sturmius, Leonh. Christoph .; Sturm, Leonhardt Christoph; Sturmius, Leonh. Christoph. (SWB-AK); Sturm, Leonh. Christian.; Sturmius, Leonhardus Christophorus; Sturm, Leonhardus Christophorus; Sturm, Leonard Christoph; Sturm, Leonardus Christophorus; Sturmius, Leonardus Christophorus; Sturm, Leonhard Christofle; Sturm, Leonard Christofle
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architectural theorist and builder
DATE OF BIRTH November 5, 1669
PLACE OF BIRTH Altdorf near Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH June 6, 1719
Place of death Blankenburg