Great Neuenhof

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Great Neuenhof

The Große Neuenhof (historically also Gut Baenlä, Baenlen, Baendelen and Vaelser Neuhof ) is a listed courtyard in the Laurensberg district of Aachen , which dates back to the 14th century. The originally four-winged, quarry and brick farm yard was previously surrounded by a moat . The two-story mansion was built in the first half of the 18th century. The building complex was rebuilt several times and used in different ways. In 1972 the courtyard became the property of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and, after the reconstruction of the monument and a structural expansion, it is used as a building of the RWTH Aachen .

Building history

The origins of the building complex go back to the 14th century. The castle-like property with towers at the time was located in the former village of Baenlä , west of Aachen near the old royal road from Aachen to Maastricht , at the foot of the Schneeberg, where Cretaceous limestone and marl stones were broken for building purposes. The important Meierhof was surrounded by a moat. The buildings included extensive land holdings that were steadily expanded in the 15th century. At the beginning of the 15th century the farm came into the possession of Gerhard von Haren , the progenitor of the Aachen branch of the old and respected van Haren family from the Duchy of Limburg . On July 10, 1459, his son Adam von Haren assigned the Baenlä farm to the Benedictine monastery of St. Mauritius in Cologne , where Mettel (Mechtildis), Adam's eldest daughter, entered as a nun in 1455 . The Margraten farm , now in Limburg in the Netherlands , also owned by Adam von Haren, was used as a deposit for the interest that was on the farm.

On October 22, 1520, King Charles V moved to Aachen for his coronation, after having previously stayed in or near Gut Neuendorf for a long time. In 1775 the Great Neuenhof was owned by the Maccabees' monastery in Cologne. In the course of secularization , the church property was sold to private individuals. The courtyard was rebuilt several times in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In the south-east of the courtyard there is a two-storey, three-axle residential building with a mansard roof that was newly built in the first half of the 18th century . It was made of plastered brick with walls made of bluestone around the windows and doors. The upper floor was renewed in the 19th century and equipped with bluestone window sills. The bluestone walls on the ground floor can be dated to the first half of the 18th century due to the shape of their segmental arches and are therefore the oldest surviving components of the complex. Some of the original construction elements, such as the former open kitchen fireplace and the so-called up chamber , a small room behind the kitchen, can still be seen. The building has a basement, with the vaults being built at different times.

A two-storey gate with a recently restored oak gate with wicket door that still exists today is attached to the house. At the foot of the gate there are still the original bluestone wheel deflectors , which should prevent carts from damaging the gate. Between the gate and the adjoining farm buildings there was a small bakery with a bakery and a latrine system . The bakery was still functional in the first half of the 20th century, but after the Second World War it was dismantled except for the actual oven. The southern and western economic wings were built at various times between the 15th and 19th centuries and supplemented by barns that were added in the 19th century. These newer parts of the building are brick masonry performed, the older building (house and gatehouse) largely of rubble masonry were built from natural stone.

Reconstruction and extensions

The repairs to the house were initially carried out in several stages from 1979 to 1982 under monument preservation aspects. The historical structure was severely damaged by fire, among other things. First of all, the roof structure was repaired and re-covered with slate and the false ceilings secured. In addition, the historic stucco ceilings and doors were partially reconstructed and the windows were renewed. In 1997 and 1998 the property underwent major restoration work. The Aachen State Building Authority presented the design planning for the renovation . First of all, sandblasting work was carried out on the outer facade in order to remove several coats of slaked lime , which in earlier times u. a. to combat vermin and mold and for aesthetic reasons. Damaged masonry - made of both natural stones and bricks - had to be replaced and renewed, in some cases over a large area. Special attention was paid to the reconstruction of the historical stone walls and stairs made of bluestone. The former barn had to be demolished in 1997 because it was in disrepair. At this point, a new building was erected, which was founded on piles in order to take into account the geological conditions of the subsoil. Other parts of the building also had to be statically stabilized, so that several parts of the building had to be underpinned permanently. The former stables were converted into sports and gymnastics rooms as part of the renovation work. The historic oak beams were exposed and renovated. The actual residential building was completely renovated and adapted for future use. In addition to aspects of monument preservation, the fire protection regulations had to be taken into account during the renovation. The Cologne ceilings contained in numerous rooms were refurbished and partially reconstructed. The staircase and the entrance area have been redesigned. The former living room on the 1st floor, the so-called Kaisersaal , was restored taking historical elements into account. The stucco work was carried out according to the historical model and the walls were painted lightly. Parquet and natural stone were used as the floor covering for monument preservation reasons . The old house well of the homestead could also be rediscovered during the construction work . The 32 m deep well develops groundwater from the chalk formation . The lining of the well was secured with limestone ( Belgian granite ) and then covered.

The old latrine system and the historic bakery on the property were preserved and reconstructed. The inner courtyard was adapted to the new use and landscaped.

Expansion from 2011

An extension in the immediate vicinity of the Großer Neuenhof, which is based on the architecture of the neighboring Großer Neuenhof, is intended to meet the increasing need for psychiatric care places for children and young people. The design by the Berlin architects Heinle, Wischer und Partner emerged as the winner of the international architecture competition in 2011 and is to be implemented in the following years.

use

In the 15th century, the Große Neuenhof served as a fortified Meierhof to supply the Aachen royal palace . In 1459 it was transferred to the property of a Cologne monastery and farmed in the following period. in the course of secularization, the church property was expropriated and the homestead and the lands were sold. The Große Neuenhof was farmed until it was sold to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1972. Initially, a wine depot was set up in the buildings in the following years. After reconstruction and renovation, the Große Neuenhof was handed over to RWTH Aachen University for use. The facilities of the child and adolescent psychiatry of the Aachen University Hospital were housed in the buildings. In 2003 and 2004, a new building was built on the grounds of the Großer Neuenhof in the immediate vicinity of the listed buildings, which houses the Janusz Korczak School for sick children in the Aachen city region.

List of monuments

In 1978, the Rhineland State Conservator entered the list of monuments 1.2 Aachen - Other parts of the city according to a building history description by Hans Königs :

“Großer Neuenhof: 18th, 19th century. Formerly water-defended 4-wing courtyard in quarry stone and brick, two-storey house in 3 axes, ground floor bluestone walls, first floor (renewed in 19th century) with bluestone window sills; on the right a 2-storey extension with a gate passage; Farm building z. T. 19th century "

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Aachen: interactive search, here: Neunenhofer Weg 21 , accessed on September 27, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b Entry by Moritz Wild on Gut Großer Neuenhof in the " KuLaDig " database of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on August 8, 2017.
  3. ↑ Aachen History Association: The Via Regia or Aachen-Frankfurter Heerstraße between the Maas and the Rhine. accessed on September 27
  4. ↑ Christian Quix: Historical-topographical description of the city of Aachen and its surroundings . Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne / Aachen 1829, p. 137.
  5. ^ Herbert M. Schleicher: Ernst von Oidtman - and his genealogical-heraldic collection in the University of Cologne. Volume 7, folder 519-584, Cologne 1994, West German Society for Family Studies, 558-561
  6. ^ History of Aachen-Melaten , accessed on September 27, 2013.
  7. ^ Friedrich Classen: Contributions to the history of the imperial city of Aachen under Karl V. Kaatzer, Aachen 1913, p. 15ff.
  8. ↑ Reinhard Dauber, Ingeborg Schild: Buildings of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen. (= Rheinische Kunststätten. Issue 400), Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz , Neuss 1994, ISBN 3-88094-769-4 , pp. 27–28.
  9. ↑ Development plan procedure 948 Neuenhofer Weg / Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ( Memento of the original dated November 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 4, 2013.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aachen.de
  10. ↑ The extension building should be a real home. In: Aachener Nachrichten. July 23, 2011, p. 17.
  11. ↑ Development plan 948, version from April 2013 ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aachen.de
  12. ^ Chronicle of the City of Aachen, January 1, 2005 , accessed on September 27, 2013.
  13. ^ Janusz Korczak School, Aachen , accessed on October 21, 2013.
  14. ↑ "State Conservator Rhineland. List of monuments. 1.2 Aachen - other parts of the city. ”With the assistance of Hans Königs, arr. v. Volker Osteneck . Rheinland Verlag Cologne 1978, p. 14.

Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 19.8 "  N , 6 ° 2 ′ 35.1"  E