Great stone grave Goehren
| Great stone grave Goehren | |||
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| Coordinates | 54 ° 20 '15 " N , 13 ° 44' 0.7" E | ||
| place | Goehren , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
The large stone grave Göhren was a megalithic grave complex of the Neolithic funnel beaker culture near Göhren on the island of Rügen in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ).
location
The grave was located south of Göhren on the parcel "Langes Feld", north of the street Am Torf. About 2 km to the west is the large stone grave " Duke's Grave " near Alt Reddevitz . 300 m to the north-northeast is the Bronze Age burial mound " Speckbusch " directly at the church of Göhren .
History of research and destruction
Numerous readings of flint artefacts and pottery shards are known from the “Long Field” , which appeared frequently in the vicinity of boulders . It can no longer be determined whether there were originally several large stone graves in the area around Göhren. Friedrich von Hagenow , who made an inventory of the prehistoric graves on Rügen in the 1820s, does not mention any megalithic graves for Göhren, which suggests that all possible systems were already in a very poor condition at that time or were undiscovered in the earth. At the end of the 19th century, numerous boulders were excavated in the fields around Göhren in order to use them for house foundations. It is not known whether tombs were destroyed. The only clear indication of a large stone grave was provided by a stone that was probably excavated in the 1950s and placed on the edge of the field. In 1961, he was taken away and a Ernst Thalmann - memorial be converted. Due to its characteristic long rectangular shape, however, it was correctly recognized as a possible capstone of a large stone grave. On behalf of the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Schwerin , an excavation was carried out at the place where it was found between May 21 and June 15, 1962, under the direction of Adolf Hollnagel . Because of the planting of the field, only an area of 9 × 3 m and thus not the entire diagnostic situation could be examined.
description
During the excavation, several large stone blocks lying around in disorder were initially found. In the western part of the excavation area, an approximately 2 m long block stood out, as burial remains were found at both ends. After its removal, a friable limestone slab was found under its eastern end . The remains of a human skeleton and several grave goods lay on a clay pavement underneath . The skeleton could be anthropologically determined as male and the age of death at about 30 years. The grave goods consisted of four decorated and several undecorated ceramic shards, a bowl , a flint blade and the fragment of another, five cross-edged arrowheads , a lanceolate arrowhead, a flint chip, several cuts and core pieces as well as a heart-shaped piece of tree resin .
To the west of this was a trapezoidal enclosure made of limestone slabs. The eastern plates were still vertical. The gaps were filled with small stones and plastered with clay. The north side was formed by a single, inwardly tilted slab. The western long side consisted of slightly irregular field stones and the southern end was formed by a large boulder. The northwest corner was disturbed by a modern stone cesspool. A weak clay plaster could also be found in the area of the enclosure. This was followed by a 15 cm thick find layer, which contained the disordered remains of two burials and several additions. The first burial was a man about 30 years old. The second burial involved a young person or a young person between the ages of 12 and 14. The additions consisted of a double-conical pot, a bowl, a tall mug, two high-shouldered pots, three decorated and several undecorated ceramic shards, 15 cross-edged arrowheads, two blades, 14 blades, a blade scraper, another broken blade and flint chips, two Pieces of tree resin and two pieces of amber .
To the south of the crumbly limestone slab stood three more upright limestone slabs, partly covered by another large boulder, which ran in a west-northwest-east-southeast direction. In this area, fragments of a spherical amphora , several undecorated ceramic shards, a lanceolate arrowhead and two flint blades were found.
All in all, the picture was of a fairly typical Rügen stone grave, the chamber of which was divided into quarters by means of vertical stone slabs . Only the two boulders adjoining the stone slabs to the south could be addressed as wall stones standing in situ . The stone resting over the burials may have been a shifted capstone. The other stones lying around could not be assigned with certainty. Not least because of the relatively small size of the excavation area, no clear reconstruction of the original appearance of the burial chamber was possible. Presumably it was a large dolmen , since almost without exception all large stone graves on Rügen belong to this type.
In the eastern area of the excavation area, Neolithic and Early Iron Age settlement remains were discovered. A strange finding is a hearth in which the glowing debris of three, perhaps four thick-nosed flint axes was found between stones. These were apparently taken from the burial chamber of the large stone grave during the Iron Age. A very similar finding was found in the neighboring duke's grave.
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 8.
- Adolf Hollnagel : Disturbed Neolithic graves and remains of settlements from the older Iron Age on the "Long Field" near Göhren, Rügen district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1963. 1964, pp. 7-30.
- Ingeburg Nilius : The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel cup culture (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of the districts of Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. Volume 5). Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1971, p. 96.
- Ewald Schuldt : The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972, p. 121.