Guggenmühle

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The former watermill converted into a residential building

The Guggenmühle was originally a water mill near the Weisswasserstelz castle ruins . The name refers to the entire ensemble of farm buildings - in addition to the mill, the farmyard (and the later tithe barn), which was probably a chapel in the past - which are collectively referred to as the "Weiler Guggenmühle". To the north there is another farm called “Schlosshof”. Homesteads and castle are located on the German banks of the High Rhine in the historic Klettgau landscape in the Waldshut district . The area belongs to the district of Hohentengen on the Upper Rhine .

history

The mill

The mill stood (and stands) to the side behind the farm yard directly on Weilergraben and has now been converted into a residential building. The 9-meter grinding chair bore the year 1755 and was made of oak. It was provided with figures and reliefs that are still documented on an old collotype board.

Hamlet of Guggenmühle

Farm yard and mill 2015

The mill and farmyard - remnants of the wall were also found on the site - originally formed a unit, which probably also included the castle courtyard above Rheintalstrasse, and, given the general circumstances, could have been created during the second phase of the Alemannic conquest. In addition, the place is at a crossroads, which was much more important in the Middle Ages and even afterwards than it is today.

Farm yard

The building of the farmyard, which is now also known as the “Guggenmühle”, can be dated to the year 1560 through the keystone of the archway. However, this does not have to be the date of construction, especially since the stone shows the coat of arms of later owners, the Heggenzer . It is more likely the date of a new build or renovation. A previous destruction in the Peasants' War in 1525 is unlikely, because none was found in the Rötteln rulership , i.e. in Hohentengen, Lienheim and Herdern, where "episcopal administration was carried out in a humane manner and the Swiss protection was always conducive to prosperous development" Induction to take part in the peasant uprising. There is more reason to assume that during the gradual prosperity in the decades after the Peasants' War - around 1560 - an old building was replaced by a larger one.

Former farmyard and later tithe barn of Reichenau Abbey

The courtyard building changed its function over time. After it was no longer directly used by family castle owners as a farm - this was the case when it was sold to aristocratic families with foreign residences or to monasteries - it could become a tithe barn . In the further course of time the farm was used for a variety of purposes and began to deteriorate in the 19th century. In 1982 it was taken into private ownership, and from the end of the 1980s the Hannelore and Richard Wagner family from Tiengen converted the building into a restaurant and guest house.

Reconstruction of the farm yard

The condition of the building meant that the new owners, who “saved the ancient walls from deterioration” (with renovation costs that they called a “nightmare”) - had to conduct extensive disputes with the protection of the landscape and historical monuments: “The Roof trusses classified as worth preserving did not withstand the necessary statics [...] due to rotten and sawn out beams and (had to) be completely renewed. Demolition material from old demolished houses in the area with exactly the same sand limestone had to be used to maintain and repair damaged walls. ”During the renovation, a“ coat of arms stone ”and foundation walls were uncovered, which“ experts date to the year 1000. ”

Under the car park wall remains - then on the right the castle hill

Nearby - under today's parking lot - during the construction period, “ancient remains of the wall were also encountered. It is believed that there was a chapel here. ”After seven years of construction - on August 24, 1997 - the renovated building was presented to the public.

Historical valuations

The findings on the foundation walls of the farmyard - dated around the year 1000 - may mean that this was a farmstead that, according to Gerhard Fingerlin, can be brought into "a connection with [...] the local nobility and the ministerial families" in the Carolingian period [750 to 900] as former leading families who had removed them from rural settlements. Fingerlin suspects that these families are "to be brought into direct connection" with petty kings (and settlement founders) of the Alemannic conquest (middle of the 3rd to the 5th century). The families that became self-employed in the 7th century after the detachment could have already formed considerable court complexes at the beginning of the documentary record and operated in the time of the local noble families, which are often attested in the Klettgau. In the next phase, these families "built a hill or moated castle outside the local area and (continue) their old residence only as a farmyard." In this context, the local residence and farmyard would have been separated before, perhaps because of the additional existence of the mill.

When drawing this conclusion, it should also be noted that the Roman border protection was still in effect on this course of the Rhine until the middle of the 5th century. Today it is assumed that strong Roman influence was preserved in the immediate region north of the High Rhine and that Roman buildings may have originally stood at the important crossroads: "In the direct run-up to the imperial border, Rome, similar to the first half of the 1st . Jhs. AD, even after the Limes had been abandoned [260 AD], they claimed the right bank of the Upper Rhine between Basel and Constance [...] for themselves. "

Foundation of the castle

The data obtained during the renovation of the building allow the assumption that the first lords (and builders) of Weisswasserstelz were also owners and residents of the homestead before. The von Wasserstelz family , who were "also ministerials of Reichenau Abbey ," is documented in 1165 .

Today the Swiss World War II bunker stands on the rocky island of Schwarzwasserstelz Castle

"A castle that [...] was detached from the old settlement area and built at a towering height, was given a new name according to Maurer (p. 215)", d. H. the builders did not call the castle after its previous name, but instead called themselves after the name given to the castle. Weisswasserstelz - takes H. Fuchs sen. an - was named after the white Jura cuboid used in representative places (p. 114).

The Wasserstelz family - only women are documented in the last 65 years - remained in the castle's possession for 165 years. In 1330 the baroness Margarete von Wasserstelz sold her castle to the baron Lüthold (Luithold) von Krenkingen . With that, the homestead with the Guggenmühle and the farmyard probably changed hands.

The Schwarzwasserstelz moated castle - on the other side of the Rhine opposite Weisswasserstelz on a rock in the river - is said to have been the property of the von Wasserstelz barons as early as 1163 . Since this castle was also called "Altwasserstelz", it was probably older than the one opposite. The moated castle "belonged to (today) the Swiss side the Bauernmühle and Lochmühle as well as the village of Fisibach with the lower jurisdiction." It is not known when Schwarzwasserstelz was sold. In 1363 the barons of Thengen were named when they were sold to the Bishop of Constance . (Fuchs, p. 116) The well-preserved castle was demolished in 1875 and a bunker was built in its place before the Second World War.

For the further history of the castles see: Weisswasserstelz and Schwarzwasserstelz castle ruins .

Building ensemble today

The buildings of the hamlet as well as the entrances to the castle (and their secured walls) are in good condition today - the restaurant and guest house "Weisswasserstelz" (tithe barn) was also valued as a carefully restored historical building after its opening and by associations - such as the History Association Hochrhein - used for meetings.

Web links

literature

  • Gerhard Fingerlin : On the Alemannic settlement history of the 3rd - 7th century. in: The Alemanni in the early days , Ed .: Wolfgang Hübener, publication of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg / Br. No. 34, Verlag Konkordia AG Bühl / Baden 1974.
  • Herbert Fuchs sen .: Hohentengen - history and stories , publisher: Hohentengen a. H., Geiger-Verlag Horb 1992, ISBN 3-89264-716-X .
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Freiburg i. Br. 1892, Volume III - Waldshut District; Pp. 167-169 online
  • Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas. Verlag Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , (Volume 1 pp. 252–253; Volume 2 pp. 159–162)
  • Jürgen Trumm: The Roman settlement on the eastern Upper Rhine (50 BC - 450 AD). Material booklets for archeology in Baden-Württemberg, issue 63. Ed .: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1643-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Old photograph of the grinding chair in the Guggenmühle
  2. ↑ The Weisswasserstelz fiefdom was awarded to Hans Heggenzi in 1451 (with an interruption from 1465 to 1495) and then again to the Heggenzer family
  3. ↑ Herbert Fuchs senior: Hohentengen - history and stories , Ed .: Municipality of Hohentengen a. H., Geiger-Verlag Horb 1992, p. 138.
  4. ↑ Eva Baumgartner: Recreation and new hospitality on the land of old knights. Tourism project "Wasserstelz" near Hohentengen in: Waldshuter storyteller, Alb-Bote from 23 August 1997.
  5. ^ Eva Baumgartner: Tourism project , August 23, 1997.
  6. ^ Gerhard Fingerlin: On the Alemannic settlement history of the 3rd - 7th century. in: The Alemanni in the early days , Ed .: Wolfgang Hübener, publication of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg / Br. No. 34, Verlag Konkordia AG Bühl / Baden 1974, p. 87.
  7. ↑ Jürgen Trumm: The Roman settlement on the eastern Upper Rhine (50 BC - 450 AD). Material booklets for archeology in Baden-Württemberg issue 63, publisher: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 220.
  8. ↑ Herbert Fuchs senior: Die Wasserstelzschlösser in: Hohentengen - Geschichte und Geschichte, S. 114. After H. Fuchs senior. is a Heinrich v. Wasserstelz notarized, the list drawn up by the owners of the castle courtyard names Friedrich and Werner von Wasserstelz.
  9. ^ Regine Kemmerich-Lortzing: Stühlingen in the Carolingian era - a "county" of the Rheinau family of founders? , in: Heimat am Hochrhein, Jahrbuch des Landkreis Waldshut 1991, p. 94. By "Maurer", R. Kemmerich-Lortzing means: Helmut Maurer (historian) : The role of the castle in the high medieval constitutional history of the landscapes between Lake Constance and the Black Forest. Special print from The castles in the German-speaking area. (Ed .: Hans Patze) in: Lectures and Research XIX, 1976.

Coordinates: 47 ° 34 ′ 41.9 ″  N , 8 ° 24 ′ 5.7 ″  E