Gustav Adolph von Halem

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Gustav Adolph von Halem as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials

Gustav Adolph von Halem (born November 4, 1899 in Bremen , † January 12, 1999 in Rasdorf ) was a German diplomat during the Nazi era and a publisher and film salesman in the Federal Republic of Germany .

Life

Gustav Adolph von Halem was the son of the publisher Otto von Halem and Molli Pflüger. He finished attending the Karls-Gymnasium in Stuttgart in 1917 with a military diploma and was a soldier until 1919. He studied law at the Universities of Tübingen , Munich and Göttingen , and since 1920 he was a member of the Corps Suevia Tübingen . 1923 graduated from Halem his studies with the state examination and was in 1924 after successfully defending his dissertation Surrogations- or differential theory (§§ 325/326 BGB) PhD . After two years of internship at Allianz Versicherungs-AG , he was accepted into the Foreign Service of the German Reich in 1926 and passed the diplomatic-consular examination in 1929. His first foreign assignment began in London in 1929, in 1932 he moved to the Consulate General in Memel as Vice Consul and from there in 1936 to the legation in Prague . On December 2, 1935, he became a member of the SS (membership number 292.039) and finally had the rank of Standartenführer (Colonel) in 1944 . After loosening the members-record lock the NSDAP he was on May 1, 1937, the NSDAP joined (membership number 3810740). Back in office in Berlin , Halem became deputy chief of protocol. On behalf of State Secretary von Weizsäcker, he tried to intimidate the Colombian envoy in Berlin when he took photos of the November pogroms in Berlin on November 10, 1938 .

In February 1942, the Consulate General took over from Halem in Milan and came on 21 October 1944 in the rank of ambassador to the Plenipotentiary at the Italian Social Republic Rudolf Rahn . Shortly before the end of the war, Reich Foreign Minister Ribbentrop replaced the envoy in Portugal, Oswald von Hoyningen-Huene , and von Halem became his successor in Lisbon on February 28, 1945 . Von Halem received the Agrément from the Portuguese dictator Salazar , but had to close the legation a few days later on May 6, 1945. Halem had organized a memorial service for Adolf Hitler ; in Portugal, after his death, mourning flags had been ordered. When a ship from Turkey with the German diplomat Helmut Allerdt and other Germans who were to be brought back to Germany docked in Lisbon in early May 1945 , Allardt wanted to ask for asylum for himself and the families of the German diplomats in Portugal. Gustav Adolf von Halem rejected this "as a German envoy and National Socialist" indignantly and insisted that "the group had to go on and make themselves available in Germany to achieve the final victory".

After the end of the war, Von Halem was interned in the United States and was questioned several times during the Nuremberg Trials in the summer of 1947 . He was last interned on the Hohenasperg and was released in 1947. Nothing is known about its denazification . In the Federal Republic of Germany he re-founded his father's Halem publishing house, but sold it in 1955 and now became the export manager of the Neue Deutsche Filmverleih GmbH in Munich . In Paris he worked for the Export-Union des Deutschen Films until 1967 . Von Halem was also a juror in the voluntary self-regulation of the film industry .

His father-in-law from his first marriage to Adelheid von Waldthausen was the diplomat Julius von Waldthausen . The sons Johann Hilman (1932–1978) and Gustav Adolph (* 1935 in Berlin) come from his first marriage. His third son, the singer Victor von Halem (* 1940 in Berlin), was born in his second marriage to Viktoria Margarethe von Dörnberg.

Fonts

  • Surrogate or difference theory (§§ 325/326 BGB). Göttingen, Jur.Diss. 1924.

literature

  • Maria Keipert (Red.): Biographical Handbook of the German Foreign Service 1871–1945. Published by the Foreign Office, Historical Service. Volume 2: Gerhard Keiper, Martin Kröger: G – K. Schöningh, Paderborn et al. 2005, ISBN 3-506-71841-X .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biographical Handbook of the German Foreign Service 1871–1945 . Vol. II. Schöningh, Paderborn 2000-2014, pp. 183-184.
  2. ^ Hermann Simon : New Sources on the November Pogrom in Berlin (PDF; 70 kB)
  3. ^ Cross banner over Portugal . In: Der Spiegel . No. 34 , 1947 ( online ).
  4. ↑ Eckart Conze among others: The office and the past . Karl Blessing-Verlag, 2010, pp. 329-330.
  5. ↑ Publication Number: M-1019, Publication Title: Records of the United States Nuernberg War Crimes trials Interrogations, 1946–1949, Date Published: 1977 (PDF; 186 kB)
personal data
SURNAME Halem, Gustav Adolph von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German diplomat and film salesman
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 1999
Place of death Rasdorf