Gustav Schaeuffelen

Portrait of Gustav Schaeuffelen, 1830

Gustav Schaeuffelen (born July 21, 1798 in Heilbronn ; † April 17, 1848 there ) was a German entrepreneur , in whose Heilbronn paper mill the first German or continental European paper machine was installed in 1830 .

Life

Schaeuffelen was the son of the Württemberg cellar and crate manager Johannes Schaeuffelen. After his death in 1804, his mother married the paper mill owner Johann Christian Röder from Enzberg in 1806 . When he fell ill, the young Schaeuffelen had to take over the management of the paper mill in 1813 at the age of 15 . After Röder's death in 1816 and the sale of his paper mill, Schaeuffelen moved back to Heilbronn with his mother.

In the Ebbeke mill

Paper mill and fulling mill near the bulwark tower in Heilbronn from 1815 on the occasion of a planned new building. Next a Deuchelfahrt (water pipe) to the Orthischen Bleiche (F. Löffler)

Bulwark tower with Schaeuffelen paper mill

Richard Schaeuffelen

In 1818 he joined the paper mill of his stepfather's brother, Johann Valentin Ebbeke (born September 8, 1775 in Clarenthal near Wiesbaden; died July 3, 1822 in Heilbronn), as an accountant in the Bollwerksturm . Ebbeke was a papermaker or paper manufacturer who acquired Heilbronn citizenship on July 4, 1795 and married Johanna Sophia Röder , the daughter of the recently deceased paper miller Daniel Röder, on May 1, 1795 . Soon Ebbeke stopped acting as a paper miller; but called himself a paper manufacturer. After his death, Ebbeke's widow sold the mill, including the outbuildings and rag collection rights, to Gustav Schaeuffelen in December 1822. The widow died on March 17, 1844 in Heilbronn. In the former Ebbeken mill, Schaeuffelen introduced chemical bleaching of the rags, which made his papers of excellent quality. However, this mill burned down on the night of October 26th to 27th, 1827. The reconstruction was carried out in a more spacious construction, taking into account machines that were to be installed later, and was made possible in particular by a cheap municipal loan of 12,000 guilders and 1,000 guilders in donations from the citizens.

Johann Jakob Widmann's paper machine

When Schaeuffelen started paper production again in 1829/1830, this was no longer done purely by hand in the mill, but with a paper machine built by Johann Jakob Widmann ; the first such machine designed and built in Europe outside of England. This marked the step from a paper mill to a paper factory.

The paper machine proved itself in operation and formed the basis for Schaeuffelen to become the most important representative of the Heilbronn paper industry with supra-regional importance and soon had a workforce of several hundred workers. By buying up water rights on the Neckar, he succeeded in eliminating competitors.

In addition, his company played an important role in the further development of chlorine bleaching and resin sizing. In 1828/1829 Schaeuffelen first provided evidence of the economic operation of the mill wheels by means of artesian wells , whose water temperature kept the mill wheels and the water lane frost-free and thus functional even in winter.

From 1837 until his death in 1848, Schaeuffelen also manufactured his own paper machines based on Widmann's model. According to evidence, 21 machines from his production are said to have gone to other paper manufacturers.

His company was liquidated in 1926 after economic problems. The buildings fell victim to World War II or were later demolished. Today the site is largely built over with the Heilbronn educational campus .

Life

Schaeuffelen's first wife, Johanna Christiane Lang, with whom he was married from 1821, died in April 1837. He was then married to the daughter of the senior medical officer Dr. Johann Seyffer married and in 1841, at his suggestion, financed the construction of the municipal morgue in Heilbronn with 2,000 guilders, around 40% of the construction sum. Schaeuffelen also saw this as thanks for the collection made to him in 1826. Richard Schaeuffelen (born December 18, 1829 in Heilbronn ; † December 29, 1882 ) was his son, Elise, b. Hastedt, married. Gustav Schaeuffelen's tomb is located in the old cemetery in Heilbronn .

Richard Schaeuffelen's home
Gustav Schaeuffelen's tomb

Commemoration

Festival party in the park in front of the Schaeuffelen bust, 1898

In his honor, a park with a Schaeuffelen bust was built in 1898. The Heilbronner Schaeuffelenstraße near the former factory is named after the Schaeuffelen family.

literature

Wilhelm Steinhilber: The third Heilbronn paper mill (II) . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . 9th year, no. 2 . Heilbronner Voice publishing house, February 23, 1963, ZDB -ID 128017-X .
Hubert Weckbach: The Heilbronn paper mills. In: Historischer Verein Heilbronn, 25th publication (1966)
Heinrich Titot: Heilbronner Chronic from 1841. ( online as PDF )
Bernhard Müller: An important factory town. Materials for the industrialization of Heilbronn in the 19th century. Working group for regional studies in the city and district of Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1991. (= texts and materials on regional history lessons , issue 8)

Frieder Schmidt: Schaeuffelen, Gustav Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 530 f. ( Digitized version ).

Individual evidence

^ Date of death according to Friedrich Dürr: Chronicle of the city of Heilbronn (= publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 27 ). Volume I: 741-1895. Unchanged reprint of the 2nd edition from 1926. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1986, p. 310 .

^ According to the Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-12922, Ebbeke in the Heuss database.

↑ Klaus Beneke: Benjamin Chew Tilghman and the history of paper and its raw materials. Took in 1999.

^ According to the Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-15743, life data of Richard Schaeuffelen, paper manufacturer in the Heuss database.

^ According to Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Zeitgeschichtliche Sammlung, signature ZS-12922, Richard Schaeuffelen: Our journey to the Orient: diary sheets (with information on his wife Elise, née Hastedt) in the Heuss database.

↑ According to the Heilbronn city archive, contemporary history collection, signature E002-744, commemorative sheet for the 25th company anniversary (?) By Richard Schaeuffelen with a photo of the factory and by R. Schaeuffelen and his signature in the Heuss database.

↑ According to the Heilbronn city archives, signature E002-741, menu items for the centenary commemoration of Mr. Gustav Schaeuffelen [Sülmermühlstrasse 14 the house shown is probably Richard Schaeuffelen's home (Sülmermühlstrasse 14) ] in the Heuss database.

Web links

Commons : Gustav Schaeuffelen - Collection of images, videos and audio files

personal data
SURNAME	Schaeuffelen, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Paper manufacturer in Heilbronn
DATE OF BIRTH	July 21, 1798
PLACE OF BIRTH	Heilbronn
DATE OF DEATH	April 17, 1848
Place of death	Heilbronn

[1] Date of death according to Friedrich Dürr: Chronicle of the city of Heilbronn (= publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 27 ). Volume I: 741-1895. Unchanged reprint of the 2nd edition from 1926. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1986, p. 310 .

[2] According to the Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-12922, Ebbeke in the Heuss database.

[3] According to the Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-12922, Ebbeke in the Heuss database.

[4] Klaus Beneke: Benjamin Chew Tilghman and the history of paper and its raw materials. Took in 1999.

[5] According to the Heilbronn City Archives, Contemporary History Collection, signature ZS-15743, life data of Richard Schaeuffelen, paper manufacturer in the Heuss database.