Gernandesburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Site plan of the Gernandesburg, 1805

The Gernande Castle , also castle , Burgschantze or Schwedenschanze called, was a hill fort in what is now the district Hainholz in Hannover . The complex, which is attributed to the early to the high Middle Ages , is often shown on historical maps. The last remains of the complex were removed in the 1870s.

location

Allotment garden with a raised area as the presumed location of the Gernandesburg on the Wallberg

The castle site of the Gernandesburg is located in today's district of Hainholz in the Hanover city district of Hanover-North . It lay on a flat ridge between two narrow lowlands in the south and north through which the Strangriede and Hilleriede brooks flowed. The low elevation is referred to as Wallberg on both historical and current maps . Today there is an allotment garden area at the castle site, in which a slight elevation can still be perceived.

description

Although there are no more remains of the fortification, the location and structure can be reconstructed using maps from the 18th and 19th centuries. It was a rectangular hill fort with rounded corners. The dimensions were about 135 meters in length and 75 meters in width, which resulted in an interior space of around 0.77 hectares. The 17 meter wide earth wall was up to 3 meters high. Wall breakthroughs existed in the west and east, which are regarded as former entrances. On a map from 1740 a surrounding ditch is drawn in front of it. During the expansion of the Hanover – Minden railway line in 1872/73 and during renovation work in 1878, the ramparts of the castle complex were removed. Before that, around 40% of the wall was no longer there. Excavations have not taken place at the castle site. When the wall was leveled in the 19th century, an iron ax and balls made of iron and clay were found. The whereabouts of the finds is unknown.

history

The remains of the fortifications of Gernandesburg on a city map of Hanover, 1807

The first mention of the Gernandesburg was in 1274 in a deed of donation from Duke Johann von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , which is the only known name of the complex in a document. The origin of the castle name is not known, but it could be named after the owner. Duke Johann bequeathed the castle and the castle courtyard to the west as an economic facility to the Sankt Spiritus Hospital near the Steintor in Hanover in order to provide it with funds. Before that, the court and castle must have belonged to Count von Roden , who sold them to Duke Otto the child in 1248 . It is likely that the Wallburg was a refuge for the surrounding settlements of the Engelbostel parish .

The farm yard , a few hundred meters west of the castle complex , was a meierhof , which, as the castle yard , gave the Burg settlement its name . The agricultural property became the castle manor of the Calenberg-Grubenhagen knighthood in 1864 . In the midst of the forested area, the Bremen merchant and shipowner Christian Ludolf Hieronymus Mummy had Otto Goetze build a castle-like manor house in the Gothic style in 1865 that was destroyed in the air raids on Hanover in 1943. The city of Hanover bought the property in a small wood at what is now the School Biology Center in Hanover in 1914 and continued farming in a limited manner until 1933. After that, the estate was increasingly used for urban purposes, such as school facilities.

literature

  • Arnold Nöldeke : The art monuments of the city of Hanover, part 1, monuments of the old city area of ​​Hanover , The art monuments of the province of Hanover vol. 1, issue 2, part 1, Hanover, self-published by the provincial administration, Schulzes bookstore, 1932 ( online )
  • Heinz Watermann: Hanover Castle. History, pictures and stories about a district , Hannover-Burg, 1989, ISBN 3-980 2201-1-7
  • Hans-Wilhelm Heine : The prehistoric and early historical castle walls in the administrative district of Hanover. Hannover 2000, ISBN 3-7752-5645-8 , p. 85

Web links

Commons : Gernandesburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Human skeletons , old vaulted cellars and magnificent castles: in the city of Hanover, six castles at myheimat once stood guard on November 4, 2011
  2. ↑ Stadtlexikon Hannover : Burg, p. 100
  3. ↑ Aerial photo of the forest with the manor, 1933

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 ′ 50 "  N , 9 ° 42 ′ 29"  E