Guyana Howler Monkey
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Guyana Howler Monkey ( Alouatta macconnelli ) |
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| Alouatta macconnelli | ||||||||||||
| Elliot , 1910 |
The Guyana howler monkey ( Alouatta macconnelli ) is a species of primate from the genus of the howler monkey within the spotted monkey (Atelidae). It was formerly considered a subspecies of the red howler monkey ( A. seniculus ).
features
Guyana howler monkeys, like all howler monkeys, are stocky primates. The long tail is designed as a grasping tail, it is hairless on the underside of the rear end. The limbs are long and strong. The fur is reddish brown in color, the dark face is hairless. Both albinism and melanism occur. At 5.2 to 9 kilograms, males are significantly heavier than females, which reach 4.1 to 7 kilograms. The length of the head of the males is between 51 and 63 cm, that of the females 48 to 57 cm, plus the prehensile tail, which in the adult males can reach a length of 57 to 80 cm, while in the females it is 52 to 69 cm long becomes.
distribution
Guyana howler monkeys live in northeastern South America . Their distribution area includes the east of the Orinocos located part of Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana and the regions of Brazil north of the Rio Negro and Amazonas . Their habitat is forests, where they both rain and in dry forests in with Pterocarpus and Tabebuia lined swamps, Liane stocks and mangroves occur.
Way of life
They are diurnal and mostly stay in the trees. They live in small groups made up of a full-grown male and several females and their offspring together. The group size is two to eight individuals. The roar that is characteristic of howler monkeys is usually heard early in the morning and is intended to make other animals aware of the whereabouts of their own group. Guyana howler monkeys are herbivores that feed on leaves, fruits, flowers, mosses, bark. They use almost 200 plant species from 47 families as a source of food, the most important of which are the sapote and mulberry plants . Leaves make up about 50% of their diet, followed by fruits (> 20%) and flowers (> 10%). Fruits are particularly important in the rainy seasons from February to May and October, with red, orange and yellow fruits being preferred. Flowers are mainly eaten in July and December. With their excretions, they spread seeds from more than 95% of the plants whose fruits they eat.
The females usually get a single young after a gestation period of 186 to 194 days. The interval between two births is on average 16.6 months, the first dies early, the next can be born after 10.5 months. Females become sexually mature at an age of 43 to 54 months and have their first young on average at around 60 months.
The predators that Guyana howler monkeys prey on include jaguars and harpies .
These animals are widespread and common; according to the IUCN , they are not endangered species.
literature
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e A. B. Rylands & RA Mittermeier: Family Atelidae (Howlers, Spider and Woolly Monkeys and Muriquis). Page 526 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World - Volume 3: Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897
- ^ IUCN entry
