Barrows in the Kraichgau

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The barrows in Kraichgau (northern Baden-Württemberg ) come from different eras. In Kraichgau there are several localities that are still partially recognizable to visit today and. All the barrows are located within the boundaries of the former Grand Duchy of Baden . Most of the excavations were carried out by the local archeologists Ernst Wagner (director of the Grand Ducal Baden Antiquities Collections ) and Karl Wilhelmi , the founder of the "Sinsheim Society for Research into Patriotic Monuments of Prehistoric Times".

Hill grave near Eppingen, district of Kopfrain
Large barrow near Eppingen, Kopfrain district
Sketch of a tumulus
Original sketch of Ernst Wagner's finds - bottom row on the right: a flint and a ceramic from the Gemmingen find
Barrow near Dühren, location 3 Bückel
Hill grave near Wössingen, location Birkenschlag

Age and history

The group of barrows in Eppingen is located in the Kopfrain district, not far from the Eppinger lines and the old Baden-Württemberg border. Starting from the car park at the Chartaque , the barrows can be reached by a 1.5 km walk. There are a total of 15 graves with an average diameter of 10 to 17 meters and a height of 1 meter. A special feature of this site is a hill with a central shaft grave in which there is presumably a burial chamber. The finds at this site essentially consist of two bronze arm rings and fragments. Manfred Pfefferle reports on a further 20 barrows that he discovered in the Eppinger Forest. In 1842 Karl Wilhelmi excavated two barrows near Eppingen-Richen. One hill contained at least two graves. The finds consisted of vessel shards and bone fragments.

The Gemmingen site is a single grave with a diameter of approx. 20 meters and a double burial. The grave is located in the Kuhbachwald district. The individual burial mound is occupied by a cord ceramic primary burial and a later burial from the Latène period. Several bronze neck and foot rings, a small bronze ring, a pot ceramic and a flint stone were found (see E. Wagner find sketch, 1885).

The Bad Rappenau finds are in the Heidenschlag forest. The group of tombs consists of 16-17 graves. The excavations took place in 1835 and 1890. One grave has a primary burial and three subsequent burials. The primary burial falls in the Hallstatt period. There is another site in the forest "near the 3 oaks" and in Bad Rappenau-Fürfeld . In the forest "near the 3 oaks" in 1834 during the first excavation in a hill, in addition to a Bronze Age primary burial, possibly eight subsequent burials were discovered. A neck ring with blue pearls and two bronze fibulae were found. The finds in Fürfeld are rather insignificant and so far not clearly assigned. These are probably graves from the Hallstatt period .

The group of graves Sinsheim-Dühren (3 Bückel) is located approx. 1.5 km west of the castle halves in a wooded area. At the castle halter existed around 400 BC. A Celtic ring wall. There are a total of 14 barrows in which 80 burials took place. The excavations were carried out by the local dean and archaeologist Karl Wilhelmi (1786–1857). In the following years a discussion arose about the exact dating of the graves. While Wilhelmi took the thesis that the finds could be attributed to the Chatten , among other things , the archaeologist Heinrich Schreiber (1793–1872) believed in a Celtic site. 13 iron swords as well as lances, brooches and jewelry were found. The sites in Osterholz and Ehrstädt are not as important and productive as the graves in area 3 Bückel. The Sinsheim finds can be viewed in the local city museum. 1.9 km north of Hoffenheim , in the "large forest" district, there is a group of at least 7 hills. The finds are rather sparse and apart from a dagger knife only smaller fragments were found.

In Wössingen in 1893 five barrows were described by the then grand ducal curator Ernst Wagner , which can be assigned to the Latène period . The graves were measured in 1956. An average length of about 13 meters was determined. The graves are coming from the direction of Wössingen, easy to reach from the second forest car park. However, only heavily overgrown graves can be visited, which can hardly be recognized as such.

Locations in tabular form

place Reference opening Graves / number epoch district
Eppingen Head drain 1861, Hochstetter 15th Latène Heilbronn
Eppingen Head drain 1886, E. Wagner 15th Latène Heilbronn
Rich Forest long wood 1842, Wilhelmi 02 probably Hallstatt Heilbronn
Gemmingen Kuhbachwald 1883, E. Wagner 01 Latène, ceramic cord Heilbronn
Bad Rappenau Heidenschlag 1835, Wilhelmi 16 Hallstatt Heilbronn
Bad Rappenau Heidenschlag 1890, E. Wagner 16 not known Heilbronn
Bad Rappenau At the 3 oaks 1834, Wilhelmi 5-6 Bronze Age , Latène, Hallstatt Heilbronn
Bad Rappenau At the 3 oaks 1889, E. Wagner 5-6 neolithic , Hallstatt, Latène Heilbronn
Fürfeld Steinbachwald 1834 02 probably Hallstatt Heilbronn
Dühren 3 humps 1827, Wilhelmi 14th neolithic, Hallstatt, Latène Rhein-Neckar district
Sinsheim Osterholz 1829, Wilhelmi 08th neolithic, Latène, Hallstatt Rhein-Neckar district
Hoffenheim Huge forest 1908, Eckert 07th neolithic, Latène, Hallstatt Rhein-Neckar district
Ehrstädt in the oak forest Wilhelmi 05 Hallstatt Rhein-Neckar district
Woessingen Birch fell 1893, E. Wagner 05 Latène District of Karlsruhe

literature

  • Siegfried Kurz: Burial Customs in Western Hallstatt Culture. Waxmann Verlag, Münster u. a. 1997, ISBN 3-89325-386-6 .
  • Dietrich Hakelberg: Nationalism of an elite: Pagan Teutschland and patriotic antiquity. Pp. 24-29.
  • Edmund Kiehnle: Around the Ottilienberg - Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area . Volume 1, Eppingen 1979.
  • Edmund Kiehnle: Around the Ottilienberg - Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area . Volume 2, Eppingen 1982.
  • Ernst Wagner: Barrows and urn cemeteries in Baden. 1885.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Klein: Finds of settlements from the late Hallstatt and early Latène period in Württemberg. P. 307.
  2. ^ Edmund Kiehnle: Around the Ottilienberg - Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area. Volume 2, Eppingen 1982, p. 15.
  3. ^ Siegfried Kurz : Burial Customs in the Western Hallstatt Culture. Waxmann Verlag, 1997, p. 185.
  4. ^ Siegfried Kurz: Burial Customs in the Western Hallstatt Culture. Waxmann Verlag, 1997, p. 193.
  5. ^ Siegfried Kurz: Burial Customs in the Western Hallstatt Culture. Waxmann Verlag, 1997, p. 147.
  6. ↑ Dietrich Hakelberg: Nationalism of an elite: "Heidnisches Teutschland" and "patriotic antiquity" in the first half of the 19th century. (PDF; 296 kB)
  7. ^ Siegfried Kurz: Burial Customs in the Western Hallstatt Culture. Waxmann Verlag, 1997, p. 273.
  8. ↑ Hike around the barrows. In: Website of the municipality of Königsbach-Stein. Retrieved March 14, 2014 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  N , 8 ° 53 ′ 0 ″  E