Hoffenheim

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Hoffenheim
City of Sinsheim
Coat of arms of Hoffenheim
Coordinates: 49 ° 16 ′ 20 ″  N , 8 ° 50 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 150 m
Area : 13.19 km²
Residents : 3266  (December 31, 2017)
Population density : 248 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 74889
Area code : 07261
map
Location of Hoffenheim in Sinsheim

Hoffenheim is a place in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to the city of Sinsheim since 1972 . He is known nationwide through the TSG 1899 Hoffenheim soccer team , which has played in the Bundesliga since 2008 . In the local dialect the place name is Hope .

geography

Hoffenheim is located in north-western Baden-Württemberg in the hilly landscape of the Kraichgau in the Elsenz Valley , 3 kilometers northwest of Sinsheim and 26 kilometers southeast of Heidelberg .

history

Early history and first mention

Hoffenheim was probably settled in prehistoric times. The Seven Hills in the Great Forest revealed finds from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages . The place is also on the historic major military road from Speyer to Wimpfen . Hoffenheim was first mentioned in 773 as Houaheim in the Lorsch Codex .

Medieval ownership

The place counted as imperial knighthood property to the knightly canton Kraichgau . In the 13th and 14th centuries the following are mentioned in documents as witnesses: 1262 Hildebrandus de Hoveheim, 1310 Cunradus de Hoveheim, 1396 Diether von Hoffenheim, nobleman. It is very likely that they were local nobles who might have their headquarters in Hoffenheim itself or, more likely, in Schlupferstadt. The Schlupferstadt Castle was once located at the lost place Schlupferstadt . Also in the 13th and 14th centuries, a branch of the Lords of Gemmingen owned the place and called themselves "von Hoven". A Dieter von Hoven (Gemmingen) owned a castle or a palace in Hoffenheim. Since the 14th century at the latest, the feudal lords of Hoffenheim have been half the Dukes of Austria (Habsburgs) and the Counts of Katzenelnbogen , and after their extinction in 1479, the Landgraves of Hesse . In 1409 Dieter von Talheim sold his quarter of the castle to the Lords of Hirschhorn . 1409 is also Schlupferstadt hirschhornisch (castle with moat, burghoffe and the term), whether the castle there was a hill or a moated castle is not clear. The Lords of Hirschhorn had owned half of Hoffenheim as early as 1270 through the marriage of Gertrud von Gemmingen, and hence the sole local rule in the future . Among them, the place was reformed in the first half of the 16th century . In 1554 the inhabitants resisted the required serfdom , which was not precisely defined until 1618. The rent master in Hoffenheim must have pressed the subjects hard again and again .

In addition to the fronage and religious tensions, the place was devastated from 1621 onwards in the course of the Thirty Years' War , during which the place was almost depopulated. In 1639 there were still nine middle class families. In the course of the war, Friedrich von Hirschhorn died in 1632 as the last of the family in Heilbronn. Both districts (Hoffenheim, Schlupferstadt) fell to the feudal lords "home". The fiefs were again given separately to different nobles.

Austria : December 10, 1639 to the Catholic colonel and Obervogt von Waldkirch, Hans Werner Äscher von Büningen (died 1663). Gervas Äscher of Büningen. Franz Ignatz Äscher von Büningen (died in 1717 as the last of his name). His son Franz Ferdinand Äscher von Büningen died in 1711. His widow, Juliane von Wintzingerode, was her third marriage to Reinhard von Süchteln in Altwiesloch .

Hesse : 1718 to Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern, who returned the fief, then to the bailiff zu Jülich and Bergische Marshal Wilhelm Schenkherr von Waldenburg, son: Gerhard von Waldenburg, administrator was his brother Damian von Waldenburg, canon of Speyer and Mainz Pledging him to the Sinsheim protection Jew Salomon Sinzer. 1732 Construction of a new stone tower instead of the wooden tower from 1618 to "subdue the subjects". 1741 no secular buyer, 1748 the fief is awarded to General von Berlichingen and his son Emanuel Joseph.

In 1663 the community refused to contribute to the Turkish war , so that there were executions and fines. In 1673 and 1689 Hoffenheim was again hit by French troops.

Sole ownership of the Barons of Gemmingen in the 18th century

Hoffenheim Castle, built in 1781

From the Lords of Berlichingen , the Austrian half of the place went to Sigmund von Gemmingen in 1771 . His brother, Baron Otto Heinrich I von Gemmingen-Hornberg zu Treschklingen (1727–1790), is considered to be the founder of the Gemmingen-Hoffenheim line. He and his siblings built in 1767 in Hoffenheim, their parents, Eberhard von Gemmingen (born 1688, died 1767) and Anna Clara, née von Zyllenhard (born 1685, died 1768, married 1708, 14 children) that is still in the new Protestant church of Epitaph existing in 1841. It has the following wording: “The baron of the Reich Eberhard von Gemmingen and his wife Clara von Zillendhard dedicate this monument to their sons and grandchildren at this place that their descendants have acquired. Both righteous, he as a warrior and householder, she as wife and mother. They died, contemporaries felt the loss, the poor wept for their grave. "

He gradually bought up the rest of the place. With the purchase of the Austrian part, Hoffenheim was finally owned by the Gemmingen family. Since the castle had already fallen into disrepair in the 16th century, the local lords built and moved into Hoffenheim Castle (the "Schlössl"), which was built in 1781 . After a long time, Otto Heinrich I seemed to have been a stroke of luck for the people of Hoffenheim. In the Hoffenheim homeland book, church councilor Heinrich Neu wrote: "With Otto Heinrich I. von Gemmingen, the community got a master for the first time, for whom it was not just a commercial object, but a moral task." Around 1790, the barons of Gemmingen also acquired a third of the Fruit and wine tithes from neighboring Dielheim . They then immediately sold this wine tithing to Ernst von Gemmingen, who was then also based in Michelfeld , which is also nearby .

Otto Heinrich II. Von Gemmingen-Hornberg, local lord from 1790

After the death of Otto Heinrich I. von Gemmingen-Hornberg in 1790, Hoffenheim went in equal parts to the writer Otto Heinrich II. Von Gemmingen-Hornberg (1755-1836) and to his underage half-brother Sigmund, who was his father's second marriage with the Daughter of his brother, who fell down a flight of stairs because of the clumsiness of a child maid and is said to have become insane and deaf as a result. In the same year Otto Heinrich II. Sold his stake in Hoffenheim to his underage disabled brother for 40,000 guilders and moved to Maudach in 1791 , but continued to run the business in Hoffenheim.

A few weeks after the death of his father, Otto Heinrich II. Von Gemmingen issued an ordinance on March 26, 1790 on the tasks of the municipal council, the safekeeping of income, the implementation of compulsory obligations, court days and dealing with day laborers, migrant workers and musicians. Otto Heinrich II lived temporarily in Hoffenheim. He is the editor of the "German House Father". His wife, Maria Karoline Charlotte von Sickingen died in 1826. Otto Heinrich II. Moved into it in 1817. His son Karl Theodor Joseph (born 1780, died 1849) died childless as the last of the Hoffenheim line, so the estate fell to the Treschklingen line.

In 1799 there were again fighting with the French in Hoffenheim. During the entire fighting, during which the place was liberated by the French four times, Hoffenheim was hit hardest. Meanwhile, Otto Heinrich II pressed more and more money from the residents of his estates, as he had allowed himself to be drawn into financial difficulties by his brother-in-law Franz von Sickingen . He increased the serfdom even after his land fell to Baden as an independent municipality with the mediatization of the imperial knighthood in 1806 .

From 1854 to 1858 a rescue and orphanage for children aged 2 to 8 years was housed in the small castle. In 1859 it was sold to commoners. For a time it was owned by the Jewish Daube family and was therefore called "Daube's House". In 1965 the castle was demolished.

Independent Baden rural community from 1806

View into Waibstadter Strasse

From 1806 the old feudal associations end, Hoffenheim falls to the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden. The property remains Gemming's allod. Since then, Hoffenheim initially had to endure large billets, but there was also a certain calm as a craft and farming village, which benefited in particular from tobacco cultivation . About 1817 it came to Gant (bankruptcy) Otto Henry II., And his creditors began to cut down the pledged forest. The citizens of Hoffenheim wanted to prevent the loggers in large numbers from their activities with scythes, beatings and other tools. Otto Heinrich II then called on soldiers from Baden to defend his legal rights. The Hoffenheim side line of those from Gemmingen died out after three generations.

In 1832, forced labor was abolished in Hoffenheim. From 1841 to 1849, the Hoffenheim district office existed with its seat in Sinsheim. In 1852 a school house could be built. The small-scale parceling of the arable land through the division of inheritance brought economic hardship for many residents, so that there was more and more emigration and emigration in the 19th century.

Hoffenheim since the Second World War

The Second World War brought a significant change, during which many evacuees were already admitted (in 1939 there were 1,359 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 1,616), and after the end of which the community had to integrate around 1,000 refugees and displaced persons again. After 1948 the infrastructure of the place was improved in many ways through land development, road construction, water supply and sewerage. The settlement of industrial companies created local jobs.

In the course of the regional reform in Baden-Württemberg, Hoffenheim was incorporated into Sinsheim on July 1, 1972 . The former municipality had an area of ​​13.19 km².

Thanks to the sporting successes of the TSG 1899 Hoffenheim football club , the village has achieved national recognition for several years. The Rhein-Neckar-Arena used by TSG 1899 Hoffenheim is not in the Hoffenheim district, but in the outskirts of the core city of Sinsheim.

Denominations and religions

The village was Catholic before the 16th century, then it became Lutheran. With the transition to local Catholic rule in 1632, there were again more Catholics in the area. However, the Catholic community only grew strongly with the influx of refugees after 1945.

There was also a Jewish community on the site, which built a synagogue around 1750 . The building was rebuilt several times, but destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht in November 1938 , then demolished and a residential and commercial building built over it. In 1940 all Jewish citizens of Hoffenheim were deported to the French camp of Camp de Gurs . Since 2012, the "Menachem and Fred Trail" to Neidenstein has been remembering the history of the Jews.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Hoffenheim shows a fallen golden stag pole and two golden bars on a blue background. The coat of arms was designed by the General State Archives and gives evidence of the former local rule: the stag pole of the Lords of Hirschhorn and the colors of the Lords of Gemmingen.

Buildings

Protestant church
Alte Post and Haus Brehm
  • In the center of the village is the Evangelical Church , which was built in 1841 on the site of a dilapidated church built in 1731. An organ by Eberhard Friedrich Walcker from the early Romantic period (1846, op. 62) has been preserved in the church. The old rectory and a modern Our Father's sculpture garden are located near the church . A little further away, a new rectory was built in the 1890s.
  • The Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche was consecrated in 1976 and replaced a Sacred Heart Chapel built between 1921 and 1923 .
  • The town hall is a spacious building from 1796.
  • Numerous historical properties have been preserved in the village , including the Erkerhaus from 1780 on Hauptstraße, which was initially an inn and then for a long time the pastor's apartment and seat of the free evangelical community, and the Neff'sche Haus , a former aristocratic mansion , which was built in the late 18th century came to the immigrant Mennonite family Neff.
  • The village fountain in Gartenstrasse refers to the fountains that used to exist in the neighboring Brunnenstrasse.
  • A local history museum has been set up in the “Alten Post” and since 2015 the Willi Heinlein Typewriter Museum has been set up in the adjacent “Haus Brehm” .
  • Memorial stone in memory of the 18 deported Jews from Hoffenheim

Bicycle traffic

The Kraichgau-Stromberg Castle Tour runs through Hoffenheim , an approximately 52-kilometer regional cycle route that connects the town with the surrounding towns of Eschelbach and Zuzenhausen.

Sons of the place

Sports

Dietmar Hopp Stadium

The first soccer team of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim has been promoted to the next higher division four times since 2000 (without relegating in between), most recently on May 8, 2008 when it was promoted to the Bundesliga . From 1999 to May 2008, Hoffenheim played its league games in the Dietmar Hopp Stadium . The home games of the first half of the 2008/09 Bundesliga season were played due to the low number of visitors in the Dietmar Hopp Stadium in Mannheim's Carl Benz Stadium . The newly built Rhein-Neckar-Arena in Sinsheim has been used for this purpose since January 2009 and has space for around 30,000 spectators.

There is also the Volleyball Club Hoffenheim 1990 e. V. Until 1990 VC Hoffenheim was part of TSG. The games of the women's, men's and youth teams are played in the school sports hall in Hoffenheim. In 1999, on the initiative of former players from the disbanded chess department of TSG, the Hoffenheim chess friends were founded. The club plays its games in the Hoffenheim town hall.

Individual evidence

  1. a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Official municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Final results after the census of September 13, 1950 (=  Statistics of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 33 ). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Cologne 1952, p. 122 ( digital version [PDF; 27.1 MB ]).
  2. Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2614 July 27, 773 - Reg. 935. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 184 , accessed on April 5, 2015 .
  3. Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 2: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in North Baden
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 479 .
  5. Frederick Raymes (Manfred Mayer), Menachem (Heinz) Mayer: From Hoffenheim deported. Menachem and Fred. The Path of Two Jewish Brothers, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008
  6. walcker-orgel-hoffenheim.de
  7. Typewriter Museum - HEIMATVEREIN HOFFENHEIM. Retrieved February 4, 2019 .
  8. Kraichgau-Stromberg: Castle Tour | Vacation country Baden-Wuerttemberg. Retrieved June 21, 2020 .
  9. ^ Homepage of the VC Hoffenheim
  10. ^ Homepage of the Chess Friends Hoffenheim

literature

  • Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig Stocker : Family chronicle of the barons of Gemmingen . Mingolsheim 1895
  • Reinhold Bührlen: Gemmingen family book - history of the Gemmingen family and their possessions . Hornberg Castle 1977
  • Bernd Röcker: Between Enlightenment and Storm and Stress. Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen's "The German House Father" . In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 17/2002. Pp. 215–229, Heimatverein Kraichgau , Eppingen 2002
  • Helmut Seel: Otto Freiherr von Gemmingen, biography . RESOURCING WORK No. 40, the research lodge QUATUOR CORONATI No. 808, Bayreuth, 2001
  • Frederick Raymes (Manfred Mayer), Menachem (Heinz) Mayer: Deported from Hoffenheim. Menachem and Fred. The Path of Two Jewish Brothers , Ubstadt-Weiher 2008

Web links

Commons : Hoffenheim  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files