HMS Faulknor (1914)
|
|
|---|---|
 Sister boat HMS Broke |
|
| Overview | |
| Type | destroyer |
| Shipyard |
J. Samuel White Co., Cowes |
| Launch | February 26, 1914 |
| 1. Period of service |
|
| Commissioning | August 24, 1914 as HMS Faulknor |
| Whereabouts | Returned to Chile in April 1920 |
| 2. Period of service |
|
| Commissioning | November 27, 1920 |
| Decommissioning | 1933 |
| Whereabouts | Sunk April 10, 1939 as a target ship |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
Standard : 1,600 t |
| length |
L o.a. : 100.95 m |
| width |
9.9 m |
| Draft |
3.35 m |
| crew |
197 men |
| drive |
|
| speed |
30 kn |
| Range |
4205 nm at 15 kn |
| Armament |
Original:
After reconstruction:
|
| Bunker quantity |
433 tons of coal, 83 tons of heating oil |
| Sister boats | |
| very similar | |
The HMS Faulknor was a at the British shipyard J. Samuel White in Cowes under the build no. Large destroyer of the six-boat Almirante Lynch class built for Chile as Almirante Simpson in 1386 .
In 1914, the boat in the equipment was purchased by the Royal Navy and named after the Faulknor family, who had provided some British naval officers in the 19th century. She served as a flotilla leader in the British Navy during the First World War and took part in the Battle of the Skagerrak .
After the World War, Chile bought back the remaining boats. The HMS Faulknor received the name Almirante Riveros in Chilean service . As early as 1933 she was deleted from the fleet list and sunk as a target ship in 1939.
technical description
Dimensions and drive
The flotilla leader with four chimneys, with a length of 100.95 meters above all, 97.54 meters in the waterline, 9.91 meters maximum width, 3.53 meters draft and 6.43 meters side height according to the construction, displaced 1,600 tons in action 1993 tons. The steam for the 30,000 hp three-shaft Parson turbine system was supplied by six White Foster water tube boilers with 15 atmospheres. During the test drive, the Faulknor achieved 29.91 knots with 30,096 hpw and 1573 tons of displacement.
Armament
When it was built, the armament consisted of six 10.2 cm rapid-fire guns in individual installation (two guns each at the bow and stern, two more on the left and right of the bridge), two machine guns and four 53.3 cm torpedo tubes. In British service at the end of the war, two 12 cm guns were on board for the four 10.2 cm guns at the bow and stern. In addition, two 4.7 cm anti-aircraft guns were installed in stands in front of and behind the third chimney. The four torpedo tubes were initially run as single tubes, when they were converted they were replaced by two twin tubes. The destroyer kept this armament also in Chilean service.
history
When the war broke out in 1914, various destroyers for foreign navies were under construction at British shipyards. For Chile, the JS White shipyard built four flotilla leaders ordered in 1912 based on the model of Almirante Lynch, launched in 1912 . The Lynch and her sister ship Almirante Condell were transferred to Chile in early 1914.
The Almirante Simpson , which was launched on February 26, 1914 and was in the equipment, was taken over by the Royal Navy after brief negotiations with the Chilean government together with its sister ship, the Almirante Goni , which was launched on May 25, 1914 . It was named after the former Commander in Chief of the Chilean Navy Robert Winthrop Simpson (1799–1877).
The two destroyers bought came into service with the Royal Navy as HMS Faulknor and Broke . With these destroyers, they received a fast and powerful type of ship, with extensive equipment (electric heating, bakery, refrigerators, bathrooms, electric ammunition lifts, distance measuring devices fore and aft), which was unusual for the conditions on English destroyers at the time. For the newly arriving modern destroyers of the Royal Navy, this was an adequate flotilla leader. Therefore, the two other Chilean destroyers under construction were also purchased.
The Faulknor put into service on August 24, 1914. She was assigned to the Grand Fleet as a flotilla leader and in early 1915 replaced HMS Swift as leader of the 4th destroyer flotilla, which consisted of the destroyers of the Acasta class . In 1916 she was replaced there by the new sister boat HMS Tipperary , which was coming into service . Before the Battle of the Skagerrak, the Faulknor was in command of the 12th Destroyer Flotilla in Scapa Flow, consisting of destroyers of the Admiralty M-Class . On May 30, the 12th destroyer flotilla under Captain Stirling on the Faulknor fell back in the evening due to damage on the Marlborough . The flotilla consisted of thirteen M-class destroyers , the Faulknor and the other flotilla leader, Marksman . At around 2:43 am on the morning of June 1, Obedient sighted ships on an east-south-east course in the slow onset of dusk. The unidentified ships gave false identification signals and the attack on German battleships and old ships of the line began in almost ideal conditions. The ship of the line Pommern was hit by a torpedo. Six destroyers fired 17 torpedoes at the German squadron before its artillery fire drove away the remaining destroyers. Stirling tried to report on the engagement and made three reports, but none reached the British Commander in Chief Jellicoe . If the reports had reached him, Jellicoe would have been able to turn around and reach the deep-sea fleet before 4:30 and when they entered the protection of the German minefields. At around 4:10 on the morning of June 1st, the Pomeranian was hit by one, perhaps also a second torpedo. The hit exploded in one of the ship of the line's 17 cm magazine, causing a huge explosion that broke the ship. The Pomeranian capsized; only the rear part swam for almost 20 minutes and the screws turned empty. The Pomerania sank with the entire crew of 839 officers and men. It is unclear whether the Faulknor hit the ship of the line SMS Pommern with a torpedo.
The sister boat Tipperary was sunk as the leader of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla, the Broke , which was also used in this flotilla, was badly damaged. The Botha , which belongs to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla in Harwich , was not used in the Battle of the Skagerrak.
The Faulknor belonged from 1917 to the Dover Patrol , a force that German warships should deny access to the English Channel, ran over to the British supply and troop transport. The Faulknor took part in many operations against the German-occupied Belgian coast, for example in the first and second raids on Zeebrugge and Ostend in the spring of 1918.
Service in Chile
After the end of the war, Chile bought back the Faulknor in April 1920 with her remaining sister ships Botha and Broke . It was renamed Almirante Riveros , after the Chilean Rear Admiral Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas (1819-1892). On November 27, 1920, she left Plymouth with the sister boat Almirante Uribe (ex HMS Botha , originally Almirante Goni ) and the battleship Almirante Latorre , which the British also bought unfinished at the start of the war and was used as HMS Canada in the Royal Navy. The association, under the command of Admiral Luis Gomez Carreño, arrived in Chile on February 20, 1921.
On August 31, 1931, a mutiny broke out on almost all ships of the Navy due to significant pay cuts . The starting point was the Almirante Latorre in Coquimbo , the winter quarters of the fleet. The Almirante Riveros belonged to the then also mutinous southern association of the fleet in Talcahuano . The army shot at the mutineers in Talcahuano. The Almirante Riveros , used as a security ship , was hit several times and then ran to Isla Quiriquina , where she gave her dead and injured ashore. The boat, which was heavily used in the World War, was retired in 1933. The Almirante Riveros ex HMS Faulknor was sunk on April 10, 1939 as a target ship by the Almirante Latorre .
literature
- Geoffrey Bennett: The Skagerrakschlacht , Wilhelm Heyne, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-453-00618-6 .
- NJ Campbell: Jutland: An analysis of the fighting , Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md . 1987, ISBN 0-85177-379-6 .
- Maurice Cocker: Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981 , Ian Allan 1983, ISBN 0-7110-1075-7 .
- James J. Colledge, Ben Warlow: Ships of the Royal Navy , Chatham, 4th ed. London 2010, ISBN 9-7819-3514907-1.
- Harald Fock: Z-before! International development and war missions of destroyers and torpedo boats, vol. 1. 1914 to 1939. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7822-0762-9 .
- Antony Preston: Destroyers , Hamlyn 1977, ISBN 0-600-32955-0 .
- Nigel Steel, Peter Hart: Jutland 1916: Death in the Gray Wastes , Cassell, London 2004, ISBN 0-304-36648-X .
Web links
- White Boats (ex-Chilean) (extract from Jane's Fighting Ships 1919, accessed May 6, 2011)
- u. a. Faulknor class with many pictures (accessed May 6, 2011)
- Inserts of the Faulknor class
- Riveros (II) ex Faulknor on the side of the Chilean Navy (Spanish, accessed May 13, 2011)
Individual evidence
- ^ Bennett, pp. 147f.
- ↑ Staff, p. 12f., Campbell, p. 305
- ↑ Staff, p. 13
- ↑ some sources claim that the sinking of the Pomerania was accomplished by the HMS Onslaught
- ↑ a b c Harald Fock: Z-before! International development and war missions of destroyers and torpedo boats, vol. 1. 1914 to 1939. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7822-0762-9 , page 100
- ↑ a b Harald Fock: Z-before! International development and war missions of destroyers and torpedo boats, vol. 1. 1914 to 1939. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7822-0762-9 , page 209