Hairy ram
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Chlorophorus pilosus var.glabromaculatus |
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| Chlorophorus pilosus | ||||||||||||
| ( Forster , 1771) |
The hairy ram ( Chlorophorus pilosus ) is a beetle from the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The nominate form Chlorophorus pilosus pilosus is unspotted, the spotted form Chlorophorus pilosus glabromaculatus was separated from Sama in 1999 as a separate species due to differences in hairiness in females. It is accordingly listed as Chlorophorus glabromaculatus ( Goeze , 1777). However, this view is not generally accepted and also contradicts Paulian's breeding results from 1994.
The species is listed in the Red List of Threatened Species in Germany under Category 1 (threatened with extinction). In Rhineland-Palatinate , it is classified as extinct or lost .
Comments on the name and the system
Chlorophorus pilosus was temporarily placed in the genus Clytus . The German name for Clytus is "Widderbock". The species name "pilosus" ( Latin ) means "hairy". This explains the name "hairy ram". The generic name "Chlorophorus" (from ancient Greek χλορός chlorós, green and φορείν forein for clothing) expresses that the hair is greenish. "Glabromaculatus" (Latin) literally means "bald spots", alluding to the fact that the dark spots on the elytra are hairless. The genus Chlorophorus is represented by thirteen species in Europe and by well over a hundred species worldwide.
Characteristics of the adults
The animals are 11 to 18 millimeters long and have an elongated and cylindrical body. The color of the hair is different on the top and bottom. The underside and head are hairy gray, the breast shield and wing covers appear olive-yellow to green-beige through the hairiness. The bald spots appear as black dots. As a rule, the var. Glabromaculatus has three rounded points on each wing cover and an elongated spot in the area of the shoulders.
The head is parallel behind the eyes, the forehead is without keels. The eyes are kidney-shaped with their top not encompassing the antenna base. The inner edges of the eyes are further apart than the inner edges of the deflection points of the antennae. These are eleven-limbed, hairy and thin. They reach about half the length of the wing covers. The tips of the antennae are not widened at an angle. The second antenna segment is much shorter than the third, almost ring-shaped. The ninth antenna segment is significantly shorter than the fourth. The mouthparts point downwards at an angle. The last link of the four-part jaw probe is trimmed, the lip probe is three-part.
The pronotum is hardly narrower than the elytra . The basic color is black like that of the body. It is not very roughly carved and without thorns, humps or transverse ridges, its sides are rounded. The plate of the skeleton (metaepisternum), which adjoins the breast plate of the rear breast, is at least four times as long as it is wide and slightly wider at the back. The wing covers largely cover the abdomen and are trimmed at the back. The outer angle of the trimmed end is protruding in the shape of a tooth. The hips of the forelegs are not prominent in a cone or cone shape. The tarsi are apparently four-parted (pseudotetrameric) because the very small fourth part is hidden in the section of the lobed third tarsal part. The first part of the tarsi is much longer than the second and third combined. The middle and hind legs are not pulled out in small squares. The rails each have two end pins.
Larva of larvae
The larvae are legless and have a horseshoe-shaped structure on the last back segments.
Way of life
The beetles live exclusively on and in dead hardwood, especially oak , but also maple , elm , robinia , wine , fruit trees, chestnut and timber. They can also be found in apartments. They appear from May to August and can then also be found on the flowers of daisy and umbelliferous plants , where they absorb nectar.
Mating and oviposition take place soon after leaving the pupa cradle. Around ninety eggs are preferably placed in cracks in the wood or stacked boards between them at temperatures around 27 ° C. The species is counted among the fresh wood colonists and classified as a "landscape-ecologically relevant species". The development of the larvae takes one to two years at around 25 ° C and 70 percent humidity. However, up to twenty years have been documented for development. Wood rich in starch and sugar is preferred to be colonized. Softwood is not attacked, but the larvae can still develop in it. The sapwood of oak is particularly beneficial for development compared to beech or pine. Pupation takes place directly under the wood surface in spring even without a cold period. The larvae break down dead wood parts (dry wood destroyer). As such, they can also cause damage to furniture or wood stores, but this is only done to an economically insignificant extent.
The loopholes and bores are strikingly oval with a ratio of 2: 3, high to wide, while comparable beetle species have a ratio of 1: 2. The tunnels are tightly blocked with drill dust.
The larva is parasitized by the hymenoptera Pristaulacus chlapowskii .
distribution
The species is widespread in the Mediterranean, only single finds are known from Central Europe. Depending on the literature used, due to the taxonomic position of the species, the distribution area of Ch. Glabromaculatus , which also occurs in Switzerland and Belgium, must be taken into account.
swell
credentials
- ↑ Brustel H., Berger P. & Cocquempot C. 2002 Catalog des Vesperidae et des Cerambycidae de la faune de France (Coleoptera) - Annales de la Societé entomologique de France (NS) 2002 38 (4): 443-461 ( PDF )
- ↑ Taxonomic classification in the Fauna Europaea
- ↑ Taxonomic classification in BioLib
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Chlorophorus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 19, 2013
- ↑ Chlorophorus at BioLib
- ↑ Ingmar Wall: "Rare Hymenoptera from Central_ West and South Europe" Entomofauna, Volume 15, Issue 14, Page 169
literature
- H. Krüger: ABC of Pest Control. Behr's Verlag DE 2007 ISBN 3860225340
- S. Cymorek: In: Symposium Wood Protection - Research and Practice. 1984 ISBN 3-8718-1520-9
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- J. Schmidl, H. Bussler: Ecological guilds of xylobionter beetles of Germany, No. 1222. Open Excel file, downloadable from the Ulmer webshop
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
Web links
- Picture from the front
- Brief description (French)