Haberberg (Koenigsberg)

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Wall fortifications and cities of Königsberg (1626)

Haberberg was a district of Königsberg (Prussia) , south of the Alten or Natangischer Pregels and south of the Kneiphof .

Surname

The name is said to be derived from the haber ( oat ), which could thrive in the higher corridors. According to Henneberger, the name is said to be traced back to King Ottokar , who is said to have asked during a dispute with the Prussians : “Do we have a mountain?” Both should be wrong, because Haffstrom , located on the Frischen Haff , was often written as Haberstrohm in old sources . By analogy with this, Haberberg should mean “Haffberg” (Berg am Haff).

location

The Haberberg is a Pleistocene hill in the Pregel glacial valley. It is located in the Prussian Natang tribal area and originally did not belong to the Samland . The urban area was divided into Unterhaberberg (near the Pregel) and Oberhaberberg. The upper Haberberg extended from the Friedländer Tor to the Brandenburg Gate . These included the districts of Alter or Trockener Garten and Nasser Garten .

history

The sub Haberberg was Orden times but in 1522 awarded a large village with 24 farmers, initially in religious possession was by Margrave Albert the inhabitants of Kneiphofs. At the end of the Haberberg was a watchtower or keep. When Polish troops appeared in front of Königsberg at Pentecost 1520, they occupied the Haberberg and drove away cattle and horses. In 1613, this part of the city together with the southern village of Seligenfeld (Russian: Dalneje) formed their own community, which initially only had to be satisfied with a cemetery chapel. In 1652 the Kneiphof created the Oberhaberberg as a special suburb. From 1870 to 1875 the Neue Börse was built directly opposite the Alte Börse on the Kneiphof on the other side of the Pregel.

The Schroetter map from 1802 shows the pontoon house at the Viehmarkt on the southern wall in the east on the Alten Pregel , to the west are the train depot and artillery wagons , followed by the Haberberg cemetery with the poor cemetery, which is located on a rampart outside . Artilleriestrasse ends at the shooting range. To the north of it at the Brandenburg Gate are the Kneiphöf'sche Friedhof and the Altstädter Friedhof. The Haberberg is hardly populated yet, only near the Kneiphof. Otherwise, on the Haberberg, there is the penitentiary directly on the Pregelufer opposite the Lomse , the salt directorate, the hospital, the synagogue and, west of the island of Venice in front of the Great Fort Friedrichsburg, a large shipbuilding site and several artillery buildings. The fort was across from Laak or Lastadie directly on the "Dutch Tree", a Pregel barrier. The armory was located here .

The Königsberg city map from 1931 shows the amber works, the Reichsbahn building, the telegraph office, the large shipyard, the Aschhof, the freight yard and the main station on the Haberberg . The bathing establishment was located south of Österreichische Strasse . The island of Venice was located near the Aschhof am Pregel . This field name has nothing to do with the Italian city of Venice , but stands for Prussian - Curian venys 'pasture land'. At the Aschhof, potash was made from wood , which was used for a number of other products.

Sacred buildings

Haberberger Trinitatis Church seen from the train station
  • The St. Georgen Hospital was built as a leper hospital in 1329 by order of Grand Master Werner von Orseln . The new building took place from 1894 to 1897. The order maintained many hospitals for the convalescence of its warriors. The districts had to pay interest to the hospitals.
  • The foundation stone of the Haberberg Church was laid in 1537 on the Oberhaberberg. It burned down in 1753 and was rebuilt in the Rococo style . It has not been preserved. To the west of the Haberberg Church were the Alte Kneiphöf'sche Friedhof and the Alte Altstädter Friedhof. The Haberberger Kirchhof was directly at the church. Seligenfeld later had its own church with a cemetery.
  • The Old Synagogue was built from 1753 to 1756 and rebuilt in 1815. It burned on the Reichspogromnacht 1938 (Synagogenstrasse).
  • Katharinen-Stift with hospital (Oberhaberberg)
  • Church of the Holy Family
  • Luther Church (Viehmarkt / Friedländer Torplatz)
  • Baptist Church (Swiss reason)
  • Widows and Orphans Foundation (Burgenlandstrasse)

literature

  • Ludwig von Baczko : An attempt at a history and description of Königsberg. 2nd Edition. Goebbels & Unzer, Königsberg 1804 ( digitized version ).
  • Hermann Frischbier: Prussian dictionary: East and West Prussian provincialisms in alphabetical order. 2 volumes. Enslin, Berlin 1882–83 (digital copies: Volume 1 and Volume 2 ; both only accessible with a US proxy ).
  • Fritz Gause : Königsberg in Prussia: the history of a European city . 2nd Edition. Rautenberg, Leer 1987, ISBN 3-7921-0345-1 .
  • Friedrich Leopold von Schroetter : Map of East Prussia with Prussian Litthauen and West Prussia with Netzedistrict 1796–1802 . In: Hans Mortensen u. a. (Ed.): Historical-Geographical Atlas of the Prussian Country . Delivery 6. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1978, ISBN 3-515-02671-1 .

Coordinates: 54 ° 42 ′  N , 20 ° 30 ′  E