Haddington (East Lothian)
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Haddington Scottish Gaelic Baile Adainn |
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| Coordinates | 55 ° 57 ′ N , 2 ° 47 ′ W | ||
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| Residents | 9064 2011 census | ||
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| Post town | HADDINGTON | ||
| ZIP code section | EH41 | ||
| prefix | 01620 | ||
| Part of the country | Scotland | ||
| Council area | East Lothian | ||
| British Parliament | East Lothian | ||
| Scottish Parliament | East Lothian | ||
Haddington ( Gaelic : Baile Adainn ) is the administrative seat of the Scottish Council Area East Lothian . It was also the eponymous capital of the traditional county of Haddingtonshire .
geography
Haddington is about 25 kilometers east of central Edinburgh and 17 kilometers west of Dunbar . The Tyne flows through the small town . The river burst its banks and flooded parts of the city many times in Haddington's history. To the north, the short chain of Garleton Hills stretches in an east-west direction, while the Lammermuir Hills rise around ten kilometers to the southeast .
history
In the High Middle Ages Haddington was one of the most important cities in Scotland. In the centuries of armed conflicts with England, it played an important role as a bulwark. Under King David I. Haddington received the rights of a royal burgh and is one of the oldest burghs. There was the Palace of Haddington, a royal palace in which Alexander II was born in 1198.
In the course of Rough Wooing , Haddington was besieged several times. With this measure the English King Henry VIII tried to convince the Scottish Queen Maria Stuart to marry his son Edward . This led to the conclusion of the Haddington Treaty , under which Mary agreed to marry Francis , son of Henry II of France . In return, France pledged help to end the siege. This led to an increase in French influence in Scotland. Aubigny-sur-Nère is still one of Haddington 's twin towns today .
A Marienkirche in Haddingtoun is documented for the first time in 1139 . This was in the course of acts of war under Eduard III. destroyed in 1356. A Cistercian convent was built on the site in 1178 , of which only the ruins of a church are left today. The construction of today's Church of St. Mary in Haddington began in the second half of the 14th century. Because of Haddington's location on a pilgrimage route between St Andrews and Santiago de Compostela , the site attracted scholars. Initially a collegiate monastery , the Marienkirche has since been used as a parish church.
Haddington has been an important economic and commercial center for many centuries. The oldest and most important grain market in Scotland was located here until the mid-19th century. Grain processing industry settled in the city. Furthermore, wool has been processed and textiles have been produced since 1681. A Mitsubishi television production plant built in 1978 provided 500 jobs. It was closed again after twenty years of operation.
traffic
The A1 , which connects Edinburgh with London , is curved around Haddington. Since 1996 it has been developed as an expressway. The A199 , the A6093 and the A6137 also end in the city.
In 1846 Haddington got its own train station. It was the final stop of a short branch line that branched off from today's East Coast Main Line in Longniddry . However, her success was moderate, so she was abandoned in 1968.
Individual evidence
- ^ List of Gaelic expressions
- ↑ a b Entry in the Gazetteer for Scotland
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Information in the Gazetteer for Scotland
- ↑ Entry on Palace of Haddington in Canmore, the database of Historic Environment Scotland (English)
- ↑ Information about Maria Stuart ( Memento of the original from July 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Information from the parish ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Information on the Haddington Line
