Haide (white chisel)
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Haide
Hola community Weißkeißel
Coordinates: 51 ° 27 ′ 50 ″ N , 14 ° 43 ′ 10 ″ E
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| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Postal code : | 02957 |
| Area code : | 03576 |
Haide , in Upper Sorbian Hola , is a district of the municipality Weißkeißel in the East Saxon district of Görlitz . The village in the Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia is known for its military base at the Upper Lusatia military training area .
geography
The place is south of Weißkeißel and west of the federal highway 115 . There is an inn belonging to Haide on the main road itself. The village is surrounded by the wooded landscape of the Muskauer Heide .
history
Haide is one of the younger settlements in the district. A devastating forest fire broke out in the Muskauer Heide south of Weißkeißel around 1725, which destroyed a large area of forest. An already longer existing Vorwerk of civil Muskau west of the road was the starting point for a settlement of further farmers in its vicinity. To the east of the Chaussee, the Brand settlement was built , which still referred to in the name.
The Muskau Count Johann Alexander von Callenberg founded several schools in the state rule around 1770, including a running school in Haide in 1769 . The teacher taught in Haide and Weißkeißel.
After his withdrawal from Russia, Napoleon stayed in Haide for four days before fling further west. Two Russians were allegedly killed in 1813 and buried in the heath what this point the name of Russians grave was.
As a result of the Congress of Vienna , the King of Saxony - as Napoleon's loyal ally - had to cede a large part of his land to Prussia in 1815. The municipality of Haide was then assigned to the Silesian district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) In 1816.
In 1906 a new school house was built. Other structural buildings at this time were a forestry and an inn on the Chaussee. A timber loading point was on the Berlin – Görlitz railway line .
Towards the end of the Second World War , at the end of January 1945, the last remaining men were called up for the Volkssturm . The Red Army reached the village in the second half of April. After the war, the Nochten military training area was created by the Red Army near the village, which the NVA took over in the 1950s. The school was closed towards the end of the 1950s and from then on the children attended the school in Weißkeißel.
In the spring of 1960, Haide became the first fully cooperative village in the Weißwasser district as part of the “socialist spring” , which means that all farmers had joined the Type I LPG . In September of the same year, the municipal councils of Weißkeißel and Haide held their first joint council meeting. Although both communities decided to incorporate Haide into Weißkeißel as early as 1963, this did not take place until January 1, 1974.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 91 |
| 1825 | 122 |
| 1848 | 136 |
| 1863 | 123 |
| 1871 | 135 |
| 1885 | 121 |
| 1905 | 142 |
| 1925 | 188 |
| 1939 | 161 |
| 1946 | 210 |
| 1950 | 236 |
| 1964 | 209 |
| 1990 | 127 |
According to the historical register of Saxony, there were seven gardeners and three cottagers living in the village in 1699 . Until the state examinations in 1777, the community grew by one more gardener and one more housekeeper on twelve farms.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the population was mostly between 100 and 200, only after the Second World War and in the first decades of the GDR were the numbers above 200.
At the beginning of the 20th century the population was almost exclusively Sorbian, after which it was Germanized, which reached its peak during the period of National Socialism .
Place name
The place name denotes a settlement in the heath . Forms which have been handed down in writing are Heyde (1704), Heyde-Vorwerg (1753), Heyda (1791) and Haide (1831).
The Upper Sorbian place name corresponds to the German one, it is recorded as Hohla (1800), Gulla (1831) and Hola (1843). The more Lower Sorbian form Gulla is documented as Góla in 1843 , but it could not prevail.
legend
According to a Sorbian legend, three cursed maidens lived in a castle on the Jungfernberg in the heath near Nochten , and they came out every hundred years. On one of these occasions they went to Viereichen to dance. On the way home, one of the maids was accompanied by a boy, and he received a reward as a thank you. After he woke up the next morning, the reward turned out to be a golden egg. Legend has it that the boy built the village of Haide with the proceeds from the sale.
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 236 .
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 169 f .
Individual evidence
- ^ Chronicle of the community of Weißkeißel. Retrieved February 1, 2014 .
- ^ The community Weißkeißel: district Haide. Retrieved February 1, 2014 .
- ↑ a b Haide in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ^ From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , page 236.
- ^ Robert Pohl : Book of legends of the Rothenburg district O.-L. Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1923, p. 31 (The three girls from the Maiden Mountains.).