Halinard

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Halinard of Saint-Bénigne (also Halinard of Lyon ) (* around 990 ; † June 27, 1052 in Rome ) was Archbishop of Lyon from 1046 to 1052 . He was a staunch supporter of church reform . As part of his elevation to archbishop he should take the oath of allegiance to King Heinrich III. with reference to the Rule of Benedict have refused. Later, according to the monastery chronicle of St. Bénigne, he refused the papacy and belonged during the pontificate of Leo IX. to its closest advisers.

Life

He came from the Burgundian noble family of the nobles of Sombernon. Halinard was educated at the Episcopal Seats of Autun and Langres . He entered the Benedictine order , was a pupil of William of Dijon and was first prior in 1027, then abbot of St-Bénigne in 1031 (today: Dijon Cathedral ).

During his elevation to Archbishop of Lyon in 1046, he refused to take the oath of allegiance to Henry III , which was customary in the investiture practice of that time . afford to. He justified this with the fact that the Bible and the Regula Benedicti would prohibit taking an oath. “ If I were to put the commandments of the eternal king and the monastic rule that I swore aside, what confidence would I have that I have to observe the oath for the emperor? (...) The Lord says in the Gospel: 'You shall not swear;' the rule of St. Benedict 'not to swear' (...) It would be better for me never to receive the office of bishop than to transgress God's command. (...) Then Bishop Sigebaud von Speyer : Who is this man who dares to refuse to obey in the palace of the emperor, something none of us ever dared to do. He should swear to the king or be thrown out. ” It is unclear whether Pope Gregory VI. Had to force Halinard to accept the election.

After some time the king himself refrained from demanding a formal oath and undertook the investiture. The way of acting was quite controversial within the clergy. Some bishops, like that of Speyer, advised Heinrich not to accept the refusal, while the bishops from Upper Lorraine sided with Halinards. It is unclear whether Halinard's action arose from such apolitical motives, as the chronicler of the St. Bénigne monastery claims. In any case, the matter points to crises within the imperial church system due to the internal church reforms.

In 1048 the Romans offered him the papacy, which he refused. He belonged to the closest circle of Leo IX. next to the subdeacon Hildebrand (later Gregor VII ), Udo von Toul and Petrus Damiani . Leo IX brought him close to him at the beginning of his pontificate. He took part in a synod in Rome and one in Reims in 1049 . He was also present at the Easter Synod in Rome in 1050. In the same year he accompanied the Pope on his trip to France. Leo IX also commissioned him to negotiate with the Normans in southern Italy. In 1052 he represented Leo IX. on concrete papal instruction in Rome when he traveled to Hungary. He was of considerable importance for the formulation of papal policy in France.

He may have been murdered by deliberate fish poisoning. Halinard was buried in Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cit. after Johannes Fried: The Middle Ages: History and Culture. Munich, 2008 p.155
  2. ↑ RI III, 5.1 n.312, in: Regesta Imperii Online.Retrieved June 7, 2013.
  3. ^ Egon Boshof: The Salians. Stuttgart, 1987 p.151
  4. ↑ Ariana Lorke: If the successor fails because of the successor (?) The church reform around 1050 In: Genealogical consciousness as legitimation, Bamberg, 2009 198

literature

personal data
SURNAME Halinard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Halinard of Saint-Benigne; Halinard of Lyon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Lyon
DATE OF BIRTH around 990
DATE OF DEATH June 27, 1052
Place of death Rome