Haloarcula virus HHPV1
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Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 1 ( HHPV1 , officially Haloarcula virus HHPV1 ) is a species of double-stranded DNA virus . Your host is the halophilic (salt-loving) archaeon Haloarcula hispanica from the class Halobacteria (Haloarchaeen), Phylum (division) Euryarchaeota . The viruses in these Spazies have a number of unique characteristics that differ from any of the viruses previously described. The virus particles (virions) leave the host without lysis , which suggests a budding mechanism.
construction
The virions have a shell and are pleomorphic in shape. The shell contains a variety of lipids (fats) including cardiolipins , phosphatidylglycerols (phosphatidylglycerols), phosphatidylglycerophosphate methyl esters, and phosphatidylglycerosulfates . There are also two main proteins in the shell :
- VP3 - with 12 kDa (Kilo-Dalton)
- VP4 - with 60 kDa.
Genome
The genome is a single molecule of double-stranded DNA with a length of 8082 base pairs and a G + C content of 55.8%. It has 8 open reading frames (ORFs). VP3 and VP4 are encoded by ORF3 and ORF4, respectively . ORF1 is probably a protein with the task replication to start (replication initiation protein). ORF3 encodes an integral membrane protein with a signal sequence of 50 amino acids and two transmembrane regions . ORF7 contains an NTPase domain (its function, however, is not yet clear).
Systematics
The investigation of the proteins and the genome organization of this virus suggested a relationship to the single-stranded DNA virus Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1 (HRPV1, officially Halorubrum virus HRPV1 ), to the plasmid pHK2 and a region within the Archeon Haloferax volcanii . It is likely that the plasmid pHK2 is a virus that can produce circular plasmids and that the region in question is a prophage within Haloferax volcanii .
The similarity between these double-stranded DNA elements and the single- stranded virus Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1 was unique at the time of discovery. Confirmation of such a relationship for other viruses would suggest that the Baltimore classification system currently in use should be revised.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Haloarcula virus HHPV1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)
- ↑ a b c d e f Roine E, Kukkaro P, Paulin L, Laurinavicius S, Domanska A, Somerharju P, Bamford DH: New, Closely Related Haloarchaeal Viral Elements with Different Nucleic Acid Types New, closely related haloarchaeal viral elements with different nucleic acid types . In: J Virol 84 (7), 2010, pp. 3682-3689
- ↑ Pietilä MK, Atanasova NS, Manole V, Liljeroos L, Butcher SJ, Oksanen HM, Bamford DH: Virion Architecture Unifies Globally Distributed Pleolipoviruses Infecting Halophilic Archaea . In: Journal of Virology . 86, No. 9, 2012, pp. 5067-79. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.06915-11 . PMID 22357279 . PMC 3347350 (free full text).
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