Handroanthus heptaphyllus
| Handroanthus heptaphyllus | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Handroanthus heptaphyllus |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Handroanthus heptaphyllus | ||||||||||||
| ( Vell. ) Mattos |
Handroanthus heptaphyllus is a species of the trumpet treefamily(Bignoniaceae). It isnative toeastern South America . It is used as an ornamental plant and its wood is used.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Handroanthus heptaphyllus grows as a deciduous tree , which can reach heights of 4 to 30 (rarely even 2) meters and whose trunk can reach a diameter of 65 centimeters at chest height . The bark is weak to strong with longitudinal furrows. The branches are almost round, initially covered with trichomes , but later balding. Especially on the tips, they are floury with thick, star-shaped trichomes.
The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 4 to 11 centimeters long, hairless or at least bald: at the top of young petioles there are some fine scales and thick, star-shaped trichomes. The leaf blade is composed palmate with 5–7 leaflets . The stalked leaflets are membranous to paper-like and somewhat finely scaly, broadly ovate to ovate or narrowly elliptical on both sides. At the top they are more or less pointed, at the base they are wedge-shaped to rounded or truncated. Their edge is serrated more or less evenly. On the underside there are simple trichomes in the branches of the leaf veins . The middle leaflet reaches a length of 3 to 16 centimeters and is 1.7 to 6 centimeters wide. The lateral leaflets become increasingly smaller. The stalk of the middle leaflet is about 2 to 5 centimeters long, and this is also getting shorter and shorter on the lateral leaflets.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering time of the species extends from late June to October. The flowers are in terminal, upright, often clustered, paniculate inflorescences . The branches appear mostly through a floury hairiness made up of thick, star-shaped trichomes whitish to tan, but occasionally they are completely hairless and then blackish.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is cup-shaped, truncated or light and truncated five-lobed. It is 4 to 11 centimeters long and 3 to 8 mm wide and, similar to the inflorescence branches, floury hairs. The tubular-bell-shaped crown is colored magenta, at the time of flowering a yellow crown throat appears, which changes to a purple-red. The crown reaches a length of 4 to 6.5 centimeters, of which the corolla tube is 3 to 5.5 centimeters. The corolla tube is 1 to 2.5 cm wide at the opening. The five corolla lobes are 0.8 to 1.5 centimeters long and have more or less irregularly branched multicellular trichomes on the outside. There are a few glandular trichomes around the starting point of the stamens . There are two pairs of the four stamens with different lengths. The dust bags consist of two forked, about 3 millimeter long counters. The ovary is elongated, 3 millimeters long and 1.2 centimeters wide and more or less finely covered. It is partially surrounded by a cup-shaped flower base that is 0.5 millimeters high and 2.5 millimeters wide.
Fruit and seeds
The elongated, cylindrical capsule fruit is pointed at both ends and strongly grooved with stripes. Except for a few inconspicuous fine scales, it is completely hairless. It turns black when it dries. It is 9 to 47 centimeters long, 0.7 to 1.7 centimeters wide and opens via leathery flaps.
The seeds are thin, with two translucent, membranous wings and 0.5 to 0.9 inches long and 1.8 to 3.2 inches wide.
distribution
The distribution area of Handroanthus heptaphyllus is in the east of South America. It includes the coastal Mata-Atlântica formation of Brazil, for example from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul . Furthermore, this species can be found in the drainage areas of the Río Paraná in Paraguay , in northeast Argentina and a small part of eastern Bolivia , in the soil-wet Telen of the Chaco . The locations are below 1000 meters.
Systematics and botanical history
The first description of this species by José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo as Bignonia heptaphylla was published in 1825, after Vellozo's death. In more recent times it has been assigned to the genus Tabebuia as Tabebuia heptaphylla , or it has been separated into the genus Handroanthus with other related species under the name Handroanthus heptaphyllus . Molecular biological studies confirm this separation, so that this species is now known as Handroanthus heptaphyllus .
Usage and local trivial names
Handroanthus heptaphyllus is often planted as an ornamental wood because of its striking flowers , but also because of its extremely hard and very heavy wood , ironwood (Ipê, Lapacho ) is felled as timber. It is one of the most important timber in eastern Paraguay.
The bark, rich in lapachol and related substances, is said to be a cure for cancer .
Local common names in Brazil are ipe roxo , ipe cabroe or pau d'arco roxo ; in Paraguay lapacho , lapacho negro , taiiy zaiyi and Argentina lapacho negro , ipe , lapacho , lapacho morado or lapacho crespo .
literature
- Alwyn H. Gentry: Bignoniaceae. Part II. (Tribe Tecomeae) . In: Flora Neotropica. Volume 25, Part 2, New York Botanical Garden Press, April 11, 1992, ISBN 0-89327-368-6 .
- Susan O. Grose and Richard G. Olmstead: Taxonomic Revisions in the Polyphyletic Genus Tabebuia sl (Bignoniaceae) . In: Systematic Botany. Volume 32, Issue 3, 2007. pp. 660-670.
- J. Gérard, D. Guibal, S. Paradis, J.-C. Cerre: Tropical Timber Atlas. Éditions Quæ, 2017, ISBN 978-2-7592-2798-3 , pp. 420 ff, limited preview in Google Book Search.
Web links
- Tabebuia heptaphylla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis